Zirid dynasty

The Zirids (Arabic بنو زيري, DMG Banū Ziri ) were a Berber dynasty in Ifriqiya ( 972-1149 ).

History

The Zirids were Ṣanhāǧa - Berber in the area of present-day Algeria. In the 10th century it served as a loyal vassal the Fatimids. So they struck under Ziri ibn Manad ( 935-971 ) the revolt of the Kharijites under Abu Yazid ( 943-947 ) down. Since then, the Zirids were used as governor in the central Maghreb / Algeria and founded already 935 with the support of the Fatimid residence Aschir southeast of Algiers.

When the Fatimids, the center of their empire to Egypt laid ( 972), ibn Ziri Buluggin ( 971-984 ) was used as viceroy in Ifriqiya. Twice pushed the Zirids as loyal vassals against Northern Morocco before ( 974 and 1000 ). However, the Fatimids took the state treasury and the fleet to Egypt. Because of the lack fleet so lost control of the Kalbite in Sicily. 1014 made ​​in Algeria, the related Hammadids of the Zirids independently, so that their empire was now limited to Tunisia and Tripolitania. 1027 failed intervention in Sicily in favor of Islam in Italy.

The relations with the Fatimids as overlords were changeable. Although thousands of Shiites came in 1016 when riots in Ifriqiya, the Fatimids lost their lives and encouraged the waste of Tripolitania from the Zirids, but remained the relations between the two dynasties continued tight. Only in 1045 came the break, as the Zirids the Abbasids in Baghdad recognized as the rightful caliph.

The Fatimids now directed the Bedouins of Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym after the Ifriqiya. After the fall of the Berber Zirids the troops were defeated and the country devastated by the Bedouins. By now erupting anarchy especially the previously flourishing agriculture of the country has been greatly affected. Because of the uncertainty of trade routes won the coastal towns and maritime trade in importance.

After the loss of Kairouan ( 1057 ), the dominion of the Zirids was limited only to the coastal cities, while the Bedouin Emirates formed several inland. Capital of the empire was now al - Mahdiya. Since the Zirids were cut off from the hinterland, gained piracy against the Christian trade in the Mediterranean increasing importance. However, the Normans conquered Sicily from 1146-1148 to Tunis on all the coastal cities. Until 1152, the last Zirids could still keep in Algiers. Then this territory had to be passed to the Almohads.

A branch of the family ruled in the 11th century over the Taifa Kingdom of Granada until the arrival of the Almoravids 1090th See therefore also Zirids of Granada.

List of rulers of the Zirids

  • Buluggin ibn Ziri ( 972-984 )
  • Al - Mansur ibn Ziri ( 984-995 )
  • Badis ibn Ziri (995-1016)
  • Al - ibn Ziri Muizz (1016-1062)
  • Tamim ibn Ziri (1062-1108)
  • Yahya ibn Ziri (1108-1116)
  • Ali ibn Ziri (1116-1121)
  • Al -Hassan ibn Ziri (1121-1152)
DIN 31635 Sanhaja Berber people Khawarij Kalbids Hammadid dynasty Mahdia Almohad Caliphate Almoravid dynasty Taifa of Granada Al-Mansur ibn Buluggin Abul-Hasan al-Hasan ibn Ali Integrated Authority File
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