List of state leaders in 1902

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3.1 East, South and Southeast Asia
3.2 Middle East
3.3 Central Asia

Africa

Egypt ( nominally Ottoman Khedivat, de facto British protectorate ) Khedive Abbas Hilmi II (1892-1914)
General: Viscount Evelyn Baring (1883-1907)

Ethiopia Emperor Menelik II (1889-1913)

Liberia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Garretson W. Gibson (1900-1904)

Uganda ( a British protectorate ) Buganda: King Daudi Chwa II (1897-1939)
Bunyoro: King Kitahimbwa (1898-1902)

America

North America

Canada Head of state: King: Edward VII (1901-1910)
Governor General: Gilbert Elliot - Murray - Kynynmond, 4th Earl of Minto ( 1898-1904 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier (1896-1911)

Mexico Heads of State and Head of Government: President: Porfirio Díaz (1876, 1877-1880, 1884-1911 )

United States of America Heads of State and Head of Government: President Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)

Central America

Costa Rica Heads of State and Head of Government: President Rafael Yglesias Castro ( 1894-8. May 1902 )
President Ascension Esquivel Ibarra (8 May 1901-1906 )

Dominican Republic Heads of State and Head of Government: President Juan Isidro Jiménez ( 1899-2 May 1902, 1914-1916. )
President Horacio Vásquez (1899, May 2, 1902-1903, 1924-1930 )

El Salvador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Tomás Regalado (1898-1903)

Guatemala Heads of State and Head of Government: President Manuel Estrada Cabrera (1898-1920)

Haiti Heads of State and Head of Government: President Tiresias Simon Sam ( 1896-12. May 1902 )
(provisional) Pierre Théoma Boisrond - Canal ( 26 May to 17 December 1902)
President Pierre Nord Alexis (17 December 1902-1908 )

Honduras Heads of State and Head of Government: President: Terence Sierra (1899-1903)

Cuba Heads of State and Head of Government: President Tomás Estrada Palma (May 20, 1902-1906 )

Nicaragua Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Santos Zelaya (1893-1909)

South America

Argentina Heads of State and Head of Government: President Julio Argentino Roca (1880-1886, 1898-1904)

Bolivia Heads of State and Head of Government: President: José Manuel Pando (1899-1904)

Brazil Heads of State and Head of Government: President Campos Sales (. 1898-15 November 1902 )
President: Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves: (November 15, 1902-1906 )

Chile Heads of State and Head of Government: President: Germán Riesco (1901-1906)

Ecuador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Leonidas Plaza (1901-1905, 1912-1916)

Colombia Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Manuel Marroquín (1900-1904)

Paraguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President: (. 1898-9 January 1902 ) (acting) Héctor Carvallo ( 9 January to 25 November 1902)
President: Juan Antonio Escurra (November 25, 1902-1904 )

Peru Heads of State and Head of Government: President: Eduardo López de Romaña (1899-1903)

Uruguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President: Juan Lindolfo Cuesta (1897-1899, 1899-1903)

Venezuela Heads of State and Head of Government: President Cipriano Castro (1899-1908)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

China Ruler: Emperor Guangxu (1875-1908, nominal)
Regent: the Empress Dowager Cixi (1898-1908)

British India Kaiser: Edward VII (1901-1910)
Viceroy George Curzon (1899-1904)

Japan Head of State: Emperor Mutsuhito (1852-1912)
Head of government: Prime Minister Marquis Katsura taro (1901-1906)

Korea Ruler: Emperor Gojong (1897-1907)

Nepal Head of state: King Prithvi (1881-1911)
Head of government: Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1901-1929)

Siam (now Thailand) Ruler: King Chulalongkorn (1868-1910)

Southwest Asia

Head of government: Haji Mirza Ali Khan Sinaki (1897 -? )

Central Asia

Afghanistan Ruler: Emir Habibullah Khan (1901-1919)

Australasia

Australia Head of state: King Edward VII (since 1901) Governor General: John Hope (since 1901)

Europe

Andorra Co - Prince: President of France: Emile Loubet (1899-1906)
Bishop of Urgell: Toribio Martín (1902 )
Joan Josep Laguarda i Fenoller (1902-1906)

Belgium Head of state: King Leopold II (1865-1909) Head of government: Prime Minister Paul de Smet de Naeyer (1899-1907)

Bulgaria Prince: Ferdinand I (1887-1918) ( Zar 1908 )

Denmark Head of state: King Christian IX. (1863-1906) Head of government: President Johan Henrik Deuntzer (1901-1905)

German Empire Kaiser Wilhelm II (1888-1918) Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow (1900-1909)

Duke: Frederick I (1871-1904) Minister of State: Kurt von Koseritz (1892-1902)

Grand Duke Friedrich I. (1856-1907) State Minister: Arthur Brauer (1901-1905)

King Otto I. (1886-1913) Regent Prince Regent Luitpold (1886-1912) Chairman of the Council of Ministers: Friedrich Graf von Crailsheim Krafft (1890-1903)

Regent: Prince Albrecht of Prussia (1885-1906)

Mayor: Albert Groening (1895, 1897, 1900, 1902)

Reichsstatthalter: Hermann, Prince of Hohenlohe -Langenburg (1894-1907) State Secretary of the Ministry of Alsace- Lorraine: Matthias Ernst von Koller (1901-1908)

First Mayor: Johann Georg Moenckeberg (1890, 1893, 1896, 1899, 1902, 1904-1905, 1908)

Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig (1892-1918) President of Total Ministry: Carl Rothe (1898-1906)

Prince Alexander (1895-1905) Regent: Ernst Graf zu Lippe- Biesterfeld (1897-1904)

Mayor: William Brehmer (1897-1898; 1901-1902)

Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV (1897-1918)

Grand Duke Friedrich Wilhelm (1860-1904)

Grand Duke Friedrich August II (1900-1918) Minister of State: Wilhelm Friedrich Willich (1900-1908)

King William II (1888-1918) Prime Minister: Bernhard von Bülow (1900-1909)

Prince Heinrich XXII. (1859-1902)
Prince Heinrich XXIV (1902-1918) Regent: Heinrich XIV ( Reuss Younger Line ) ( 1902-1908 )

Prince Heinrich XIV (1867-1913)

King Albert (1873-1902)
King Georg (1902-1904) Chairman of the Department: Karl Georg Levin of Metzsch -Reichenbach (1901-1906)

Duke Ernst I. (1853-1908)

Duke Carl Eduard ( Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ) ( 1900-1918 ) Regent: Ernst II, Prince of Hohenlohe -Langenburg (1900-1905)

Duke: George II (1866-1914)

Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst (1901-1918)

Prince Georg (1893-1911)

Prince Günther Victor (1890-1918)

Prince Karl Günther (1880-1909)

Prince Friedrich (1893-1918)

King William II (1891-1918) President of the State Ministry: Wilhelm August Breitling (1901-1906)

France President: Émile Loubet (1899-1906)
Head of government: President of the Council of Ministers René Waldeck- Rousseau ( 1899-7. June 1902 )
President of the Council of Ministers Émile Combes (7 June 1902-1905 )

Greece King: George I (Greece) ( 1863-1913 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Alexandros Zaimis ( 1901-6. December 1902 )
Prime Minister Theodoros Deligiannis (6 December 1902-1903 )

Italy Head of state: King Victor Emmanuel III. (1900-1946) Head of government: President of the Council of Ministers Giuseppe Zanardelli (1901-1903)

Liechtenstein Ruler: Prince Johann II (1858-1929)

Luxembourg Head of State: Grand Duke Adolf I (1839-1905, from 4 April nominal)
Regent: Crown Prince Wilhelm Alexander (April 4, 1902 to 1905 ) Head of government: President of the Government Eyschen Paul (1888-1915)

Monaco Prince Albert I (1889-1922)

Montenegro Prince Nikola I. Petrović Njegoš (1860-1918) ( from 1910 king) Head of government: Prime Minister Herzog Bozo Petrovic - Njegos (1879-1905)

Netherlands Head of state: Queen Wilhelmina (1890-1948) Head of government: Prime Minister Abraham Kuyper (1901-1905)

Ottoman Empire (now Turkey) Head of State: Sultan Abdulhamid II (1876-1909) Head of Government: Grand Vizier Küçük Mehmed Said Pasha (1901-1903)

Austria - Hungary Head of State: Emperor Franz Joseph I (1848-1916) Head of government ( Austria ): Prime Minister Ernst von Koerber ( 1900-1904 )
Head of government (Hungary ): Prime Minister Kálmán Szell ( 1899-1903 )

Portugal Head of state: King Charles I (1889-1908) Head of government: Prime Minister Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro Rodolfo (1900-1904)

Romania King: Charles I (1866-1914) ( until 1881 prince) Head of government: Prime Minister Alexandru Dimitrie Sturdza (February 27, 1901-1906 )

Russia Tsar Nicholas II (1894-1917)

San Marino Captains Regent: Antonio Belluzzi, Pasquale Busignani ( 1901-1. April 1902 )
Onofrio Fattori, Egidio Ceccoli ( 1 April to 1 October 1902)
Gemino Gozi, Giacomo Marcucci (October 1, 1902-1903 )

Sweden & Norway Head of state: King Oscar II (1872-1907)
Head of government (Sweden): State Minister Fredrik von Otter ( 1900-5. July 1902 )
State Minister Erik Gustaf Boström (July 5, 1902 to 1905 )
Head of government (Norway): Minister of State John Steen ( 1898-21. April 1902 )
Minister of State Otto Albert Blehr (April 21, 1902-1903 )

Switzerland German President: Josef Zemp (1895, 1902)
Federal: Ernst Brenner, Robert Comtesse, Adolf Deucher, Ludwig Forrer ( as of 11 Dec.), Walter Hauser ( until 22 October), Eduard Müller, Marc -Émile Ruchet, Josef Zemp

Serbia King Alexander I Obrenović (1889-1903)
Head of government: Prime Minister Mihailo Vujić (1901-1902)
Prime Minister Pera Velimirović (1902 )
Prime Minister Dimitrije Cincar - Marković (1902-1903)

Spain Head of state: King Alfonso XIII. (1886-1931)
Head of government: Government President Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (6 March 1901-6. December 1902 )
Government President Francisco Silvela Le Much Leuze (6 December 1902-20. July 1903 )

United Kingdom King Edward VII (1901-1910)
Prime minister Marquis Robert Gascoyne - Cecil ( 1895-12. July 1902 )
Earl Arthur Balfour (12 July 1902-1905 )

Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer Menelik II. Daudi Cwa II of Buganda Kitahimbwa of Bunyoro List of Governors General of Canada List of Prime Ministers of Canada Terencio Sierra Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales Guangxu Emperor British Raj Gojong of the Korean Empire Prithvi of Nepal List of governors-general of Australia Edmund Barton Leopold II of Belgium List of Bulgarian monarchs Ferdinand I of Bulgaria Christian IX of Denmark Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt Otto of Bavaria Duchy of Brunswick Bremen Alexander, Prince of Lippe Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Albert of Saxony George, King of Saxony Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach George I of Greece Victor Emmanuel III of Italy Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg Albert I, Prince of Monaco List of rulers of Montenegro Nicholas I of Montenegro Wilhelmina of the Netherlands Carlos I of Portugal Johannes Steen Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury

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