Rio Grande do Sul

- 29.76 - 53.16Koordinaten: 30 ° S, 53 ° W

Rio Grande do Sul [ ʁiw ɡɾɐdʒ you suw ] is the southernmost of the 27 states in Brazil and is divided into 7 mesoregions and in 35 micro-regions with 496 municipalities ( municipios ).

  • 3.1 Ethnic groups
  • 8.1 Football

Geography

The population is about 10.69 million (2010). Of a population of about 1.6 million ( 14.9%) in rural areas, 9.1 million ( 85.1 %) belong to the urban population (2010). Rio Grande do Sul has an area of ​​281,749 km ², the population density is 38 inhabitants per km ². It thus covers only slightly more than 3 % of the area of Brazil, where it is living place of 6% of the Brazilian population.

The state is bordered on the south by Uruguay and to the west by Argentina. To the east of Rio Grande do Sul is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the north by the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, from which it is separated by the Rio Pelotas, one of the headwaters of the Río Uruguay. The northern part of the state lies on the southern slopes of the elevated to leading over Sao Paulo by the states of Paraná and Santa Catrina, plateau, which is often broken by low mountain ranges, is the general direction against the trend of the slope to them the appearance of cliffs. A low mountain range spreads southward from the Serra do Mar of Santa Catarina and crosses the state to Uruguay.

To the west of this mountain range is a vast, grassy plain. The northern and highest part of the province is suitable for sheep farming, while the southern part is used mainly for cattle. Further east there is a little above the sea level lying wide geographical area in which there are two estuarine lagoons: Lagoa dos Patos and Lagoa the Mirim, which are separated from the ocean by two sandy, partially barren peninsulas. The coast is a large sandy beach, interrupted by the end of the two lakes, the Rio Grande is called, which is the entrance to the navigable inland waters and various ports.

The capital is Porto Alegre, other major cities are Caxias do Sul, Canoas, Santa Maria, Nova Petrópolis, Pelotas, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande and Uruguaiana and Novo Hamburgo and São Leopoldo, centers of the descendants of German immigrants, where much German and the dialect Riograndenser Hunsrückisch is spoken. The living far inland descendants Pomeranian immigrants ( Pomerano, Pommeranos ) speak some still Pommersches Platt.

Tourist are especially attractive because of the " colonial ambience " and its beautiful location, the places Canela (Brazil) and Gramado in the Serra Gaúcha. In 1984 the ruins of São Miguel das Missões, the former Jesuit Missions of the Guarani Indians, UNESCO declared a cultural monument. Famous also is the National Park Aparados da Serra to the Itaimbezinho on the border of Santa Catarina; up to 1000 m high cliffs and remnants of the Atlantic Forest with Araucaria and a unique flora and fauna.

Hydrography

There are in Rio Grande do Sul, two different river systems: the lagoons to the current flowing from the eastern slopes and the La Plata Basin westward to the Rio Uruguay leading. The major rivers of the eastern group are Jacuí Rio, Rio dos Sinos, Caí, Gravataí and Camacuã that. Lagoa dos Patos in Rio and the Jaguarão, which flows into the Lagoa Mirim All of the former than the Camacuã flow into one of the two in the northern end of Lagoa dos Patos open arms of the river, who, although he is called Guaiba, in reality, is not a river.

Economy

Rio Grande do Sul 2008 had a gross domestic product of about 193.5 billion R $, $ R 17,825 per capita. Thus, it is an important industrial center of Brazil. Due to its geographic location in the south of Brazil and direct borders with Argentina and Uruguay, Rio Grande do Sul has a strong strategic importance in the Mercosul.

The main industries are metal processing industry, food industry, leather, footwear and textile industries. The state is also a major producer of cereals ( wheat, soy, rice, corn ) and has numerous cattle farms (poultry, cattle, pigs). In addition, sugar cane and fruit are grown, continue to play the cultivation and processing of tobacco (mainly for export) a role.

In Rio Grande do Sul Vineyards have been about 1874. Italian and German immigrants brought with vines from their home countries. Around 90 % of Brazil's wine production comes from here. Main growing area is the Serra Gaúcha in the Northeast. In addition, smaller areas of production in Viamão, Campanha and Santana do Livramento in the far south. Forest destruction of immense proportions and timber trade contributed significantly to economic growth; Today, grazing, timber plantations (eucalyptus, pine) and soy.

Population

Ethnic Groups

The IBGE published 2008 for an overview of the composition of the population:

  • 82.3 % white, of which Italian Brazilians (30 %);
  • German Brazilian (29 %);
  • Portuguese Brazilians ( 15%);
  • 15 % other ( Polish Brazilian, Ukrainian Brazilians etc. )

History

Indians, mostly Guaraní, Kaingang and Charrúa, were the first inhabitants of the state. The wandering adventurers of the 17th and 18th centuries, which were called by the Spaniards Gaúchos to acquired a reputation as a militant people, because they had to defend the 1700 km long border with Argentina and Uruguay. The history of Rio Grande do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul mingled with the immigrants who colonized the country. About 80 % of the population is Portuguese, Spanish, German or Italian origin. But the state is also home to descendants of Russians, Africans, Austrians, Lebanese, Irish, Syrians, French, Dutch, Polish, Czech, Japanese, Belgians and Sweden. These immigrants are joined with great culture-shaping influence of the indigenous people and the descendants of African slaves. Cultural identity and traditions of the gauchos are obtained ( centers for the traditions of the gauchos ) in the CTG, which occur in the entire state. In Brazil and abroad, the people are known for its unique lifestyle.

In the period between September 11, 1836 and the March 1, 1845 was in the area of Rio Grande do Sul, an independent state, the Republic of Piratini.

Policy

The state government ( Governo ) based in the Palácio Piratini in Porto Alegre, composed of the governor and his cabinet from 19 state ministers and secretaries of state 9.

The anthem of the state is Hino do Rio Grande do Sul.

Current incumbents in succession the Yeda Crusius politician ( Partido Socialista Brasileiro, PSB) is since 1 January 2011 Tarso Genro ( Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT). Lieutenant Governor is Beto Grill by the PSB.

Cities

Education

Rio Grande do Sul has 11 public and 14 private universities. Of these, 35 of the more than 100 higher education institutions are the most important:

  • The Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS ), Bento Gonçalves, founded in 2008,
  • The Instituto Federal Sul - rio- dense gran ( IFSul ), Pelotas, founded in 2008,
  • The Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF ), Passo Fundo, founded in 1968.
  • Universidade Estadual do the Rio Grande do Sul ( UERGS ), decentralized university, office: Porto Alegre, founded in 2001,
  • The Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre ( UFCSPA ), Porto Alegre, founded in 1953,
  • The Universidade Federal de Pelotas ( UCPel ), Pelotas, founded in 1969,
  • The Universidade Federal de Santa Maria ( UFSM ), Santa Maria, founded in 1960,
  • The Universidade Federal do Pampa ( Unipampa ) Bagé, founded in 2006,
  • The Universidade Federal do Rio Grande ( FURG ), Rio Grande, founded in 1953,
  • The Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ( UFRGS ), Porto Alegre, founded in 1934,

Another one of the famous universities is the largest Brazilian private university, the Pontifical Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul ( PUCRS ) in Porto Alegre.

Sports

Football

Rio Grande do Sul, for Z. five football teams that play in the leagues of the Brazilian Football Championship:

  • SC Internacional (Porto Alegre), First " Divisão "
  • Gremio Porto Alegre (Porto Alegre), First " Divisão "
  • SER Caxias ( Caxias do Sul ), Third " Divisão "
  • Grêmio Esportivo Brasil ( Pelotas ), Fourth " Divisão "
  • EC Juventude ( Caxias do Sul ), Fourth " Divisão "

The SC Rio Grande, founded on July 19, 1900 in Rio Grande, is the oldest football club in Brazil and currently plays in the second division of the Campeonato Gaúcho.

Head of government Workers' Party (Brazil) Brazilian real Mesoregion (Brazil) Microregion Pelotas River Santa Maria (Rio Grande do Sul) Rio Grande (Rio Grande do Sul) Aparados da Serra National Park Lagoon Mirim Italians Poles Ukrainians Riograndense Republic Brazilian Socialist Party Alvorada Sapucaia do Sul Santa Cruz do Sul Cachoeirinha Erechim Sociedade Esportiva e Recreativa Caxias do Sul Esporte Clube Juventude Brazilian Portuguese Acre (state) Alagoas Amazonas (Brazilian state) Bahia Federal District (Brazil) Mato Grosso do Sul
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