2011 Pacific hurricane season

The Pacific hurricane season 2011 has officially started on 15 May and in the central Pacific Ocean on 1 June in the eastern Pacific; it ended on 30 November. Within this period, usually make the most tropical storms, as only this time the appropriate conditions exist, such as a warm ocean, moist air and little wind shear. All storms, the North of the equator and east of 180 ° W were formed belong to this pool. Storms that formed further to the west are no longer called hurricanes, typhoons but and are part of the Pacific typhoon season 2011.

Although the East Pacific basin to the West Pacific is statistically the second most active formation region of tropical cyclones in the world, most storms threaten no country, because they usually give control to the open ocean. Few storms hit a curve to the east or north-east and then threaten especially the Mexican coast.

Tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean see the article: Atlantic hurricane season of 2011.

Season forecasts

On 19 May 2010, the Climate Prediction Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration released its forecast for the Pacific hurricane season of 2011. This forecast is based on a below average active season of course. Accordingly, the meteorologists at the NOAA expect 9 to 15 named storms, of which 5-8 are developing into a hurricane. Of the hurricanes could 1 to 3, the intensity of major hurricanes - ie the categories 3-5 on the Saffir -Simpson Hurricane Scale - reach.

In the central Pacific, the Central Pacific Hurricane Center ( CPHC ) expects a below average active season with 70 percent probability. The 2011 expected climatic pattern has only a few tropical cyclones caused at historically present similarity in the central Pacific basin. First, the average Pacific is still in a long-term period of low activity, on the other hand, the CHPC expected in the equatorial region of the pelvis a neutral El Niño - Southern Oscillation. In addition, the water surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific are lower than the long term average. Given these conditions is the CPHC assume that form in its area of ​​responsibility of two to four tropical systems. Result in an average season between the 140th and the 180th west longitude four to five tropical low pressure area, storms or hurricanes.

Storms

Hurricane Adrian

In early June produced a well-organized area of ​​low pressure a few hundred miles from the Pacific coast of Mexico disturbed weather. On June 7, the system developed sufficiently deep atmospheric convection to be classified as tropical cyclones and 15:00 UTC clock classified the National Hurricane Center (NHC ), the system became Tropical Depression One -E high, as it is about 590 km south of Acapulco was. The depression was located over a sufficiently warm water surface and the wind shear in height was favorable for further development. It was initially held by weak air currents almost stationary and has been upgraded throughout the day to a tropical storm. Adrian reached at this time lasting wind speeds of 95 km / h The system intensified steadily, first moved to the north-west and then embarked on a parallel to the Mexican coast looking cyclone track. Early on June 9, Adrian was declared to be a hurricane.

The storm intensified rapidly and then developed a much trained eye, that was Halling good discharge. On the same day, Adrian developed several hundred kilometers off the coast of Cabo Corrientes to a major hurricane; it reached its greatest intensity as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 220 km / h Over several hours the hurricane showed an annular structure, with an unusually large eye and symmetrical, dense cloud cover. Therefore, no Cyclic Eyewall - formation was expected, and it was predicted that Adrian was well - organized and would lose as a result of slightly colder water surface temperatures only slowly force. In contrast to the predictions of hurricane lost the next day rapidly in intensity, presumably by " An unexpectedly early increase of the vertical wind shear together with marginal Thermodynamics". On June 11, Adrian was downgraded to a tropical storm, which struck a west-facing curve and consisted of a small vortex with low clouds and little or no convection near its center. The storm weakened the next day to a tropical depression off and on June 12 at 15:00 UTC clock was no longer recognizable convection, allowing the system to tropical properties were withdrawn. The system began to quickly remove in a northwesterly direction.

Hurricane Beatriz

On June 14, the NHC noted that a few hundred kilometers from Acapulco was a large area of showers and thunderstorms, which was associated with the monsoon trough over the eastern Pacific in conjunction. In connection with this activity in formation of a quasi-stationary, ground-level low pressure area, and in the days that followed consolidated the convection in the vicinity of an anticyclone over the southwestern Caribbean Sea. Curved bands of clouds began around the center of the system to arrange, and on 19 June, the system reached enough organization to be classified as a tropical depression. The system moved along a weak point in the Subtropenfront in the north of the system to the northwest. Due to favorable environmental conditions, the low pressure system continued to intensify and was declared at 18:00 UTC clock with sustained wind speeds of 65 km to Tropical Storm Beatriz. Late on June 20 Beatriz was classified a hurricane, reaching sustained winds of 120 kilometers per hour and an air pressure of 985 hPa Beatriz intensified and reached when approaching the coast of Mexico wind speeds of 140 km / h and air pressure of 977 hPa Hurricane almost touched the coast and thereby weakened to a tropical storm from which dissolved itself on 22 June.

Beatriz killed four people when approaching the coast.

Hurricane Calvin

On July 5, was formed in the south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, an area of ​​showers and thunderstorms, which was connected in conjunction with a broad area of ​​low pressure. The system slowly organized and classified by the National Hurricane Center on July 7, as Tropical Depression Three -E. At 03:00 clock UTC on July 8, this system intensified into a tropical storm and was named Calvin. Calvin intensified rapidly into a hurricane and reached its greatest strength late on July 8. Also surprising how Calvon had intensified, lost the hurricane from 9 July and again in force. On July 10, Calvin degenierte into a remnant low.

Hurricane Dora

On July 16, the National Hurricane Center began monitoring a low pressure area off the coast of Guatemala. The system organized itself slowly and eventually won enough strength to be explained early on July 18 to a tropical Tiefdruckgsystem. Just three hours later, the system was upgraded to a tropical storm. Dora strengthened further and reached hurricane strength late on July 20, before Dora rapidly intensified into a major hurricane the following day. Dora moved on in a northwesterly direction parallel to the Mexican coast reached its greatest strength early on July 21 as a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir -Simpson Hurricane Scale. Hurricane Dora came the next day over cooler water and began to weaken. On July 23, Dora was graded to a tropical storm, and the next day Dora lost tropical characteristics.

Hurricane Eugene

On the morning of July 31, a tropical wave developed into a tropical depression in the eastern Pacific a few hundred miles south of Mexico. Meteorologists numbered it with the name Five -E. It strengthened to a tropical storm Eugene only 6 hours later, after it has been updated to the low pressure area. On the afternoon of 1 August, Eugene strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir -Simpson Hurricane Scale. The next day, Eugene intensified further into a Category 2 hurricane. Early on August 3 Eugene strengthened into a Category 3 hurricane, third major hurricane of the season. It was expected that he is now slowing. But on the afternoon of August 3 Eugene strengthened further into a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir -Simpson Hurricane Scale with winds of up to 220 km / h Eugene reached Category 4 status only briefly, and only six hours later, the hurricane weakened to a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 200 km / h. Eugene quickly weakened further, so he was downgraded on August 5 from a category 2 hurricane with unfavorable conditions, to a tropical storm. On August 6, Eugene was extratropisch.

Tropical Storm Fernanda

In the afternoon of August 13 formed over the open Pacific Ocean, a low pressure area with a group of thunderstorms. The thunderstorm activity was initially limited, but on August 15, the National Hurricane Center classified the system as Tropical Depression Six -E and a day later than Tropical Storm Fernanda. In the early morning of August 18 Fernanda crossed the 140 west longitude, and subsequently into the central Pacific Ocean, where the storm weakened during the day to a post- tropical low pressure area. Fernanda moved directly south past the Hawaiian Islands, and dissipated on August 19, southwest of Big Iceland on.

Hurricane Greg

On the afternoon of 16 August, a strong low pressure system to Tropical Depression Seven -E developed. 12 hours after formation increased it to Tropical Storm Greg. The storm moved steadily over water surface with a temperature of 29 ° C and reached late on August 17 hurricane status with winds of 140 km / h and an air pressure of 979 hPa Soon after, Greg began to cooler waters to push and the system weakens on 19 August for a tropical storm off. At this time Greg had only maximum wind speeds of 65 km / h and was only a minimal tropical storm. During the 20th August, Greg weakened due to wind shear continued to fall, was only a tropical depression. The next day, Greg degenerated into a tropical wave and moved northeastward through a high pressure area. On the evening of 22 August to the afternoon of 23 August, Greg residues had an effect on the weather in Southern California, even though they were far away southwest of California. The residues subjected in the course of August 24 to the west and weakened rapidly. Late that day the remains dissolved completely.

Tropical Depression Eight -E

On 31 August, a well-defined area of ​​low pressure to Tropical Depression Eight -E developed quite near Mexico. Eight -E weakened after landfall and dissipated the next day over the mountainous Jalisco again.

Hurricane Hilary

On September 18, a broad low pressure area with thunderstorm activity began connected to show signs of organization, while it was several hundred miles south-southeast of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. On the way to the west, and west-northwest, the fault enough organization to be recognized early on 21 September as a tropical depression to be won, the ninth of the season. A few hours later it organized itself on a tropical storm and was named Hilary. On the morning of 22 September, meteorologists Hilary declared as category 1 hurricane on the afternoon of September 22, it strengthened rapidly to a small category -4 hurricane with a well defined eye. Four days Hilary keeps the Category 4 status before it weakens into a Category 3 hurricane on September 25. Hilary weakened still further and was on September 28, finally only a Category 1 hurricane and the day after a weak tropical storm with wind speeds of just 65 km / h Finally, Hilary was on September 30, only a low pressure area at an air pressure of only 1005 hPa The same day, Hilary broke over the open Pacific on.

The National Hurricane Center was a possibility that up to 250 mm of rain in Guerrero and Oaxaca could fall. For parts of the coastal storm warnings were issued. Officials asking citizens to evacuate. The port of Acapulco was closed to small craft.

The outer rainbands produced torrential rains over Chiapas and Tabasco, with accumulations of 219 mm in 24 hours. Several rivers in the region have burst their banks and flooded nearby areas. In Villahermosa was recorded as heavy rain brought down the drains. Subsequently, many streets were flooded. In addition, cars were stranded in high water. In Colima, the waves reached a height of 2.5 to 4.5 meters.

Hurricane Jova

On October 1st, a low pressure area with showers and thunderstorms developed several hundred miles south of Mexico. It organized itself slowly and the National Hurricane Center said it in the early morning hours of October 6, to a tropical depression. It got the name Ten -E. It has been predicted that it will intensify into a tropical storm and was named Jova. The tropical storm was a hurricane on October 8, and October 10, a severe hurricane of Category 3 Anyway, the storm weakened shortly thereafter after an eyewall - formation to a Category 2 hurricane off before it made ​​landfall Jalisco, Mexico made ​​. On October 13, Jova was only a low pressure area and broke up.

Jova killed 8 people and caused a loss of 27.5 million dollars.

Hurricane Irwin

Early October, developed on an area of showers and thunderstorms a low pressure area several hundred miles south of Mexico. The air pressure quickly gained organization, and even during the early morning hours of October 6, the National Hurricane Center said it to a tropical depression eleven -E. Just a little later, it became a tropical storm and was named Irwin. Irwin was due to favorable conditions on October 7, a Category 2 hurricane and had an air pressure of 976 hPa But the very next day it weakened back to a tropical storm off, and then to a tropical depression. Later, however, Irwin was a weak tropical storm again before it weakened back into a depression. Irwin dissolves late on October 16.

Tropical Depression Twelve -E

On October 12, formed in the southern Gulf of Tehuantepec, a low pressure area that later more and more organized and became a tropical depression. It was named Twelve -E. The next day it made landfall over Guatemala and southwestern Mexico and disbanded.

It dissolved in southwest Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua from violent floods. At least 30 people came through the depression killed.

Hurricane Kenneth

Early on 16 November, an area disturbed weather formed several hundred miles south of the coast of Guatemala. In the next 3 days, the disturbance moved west and organized gradually. On November 19, the disturbance had enough organization to be classified as Tropical Depression Thirteen -E. The following day the depression was upgraded to a tropical storm and was named Kenneth. Starting November 21 Kenneth experienced a rapid intensification, which he was first, then upgraded to a category one hurricane later on November 21, also a Category 2 hurricane. On the morning of 22 November, Kenneth reached Category 3 on the Saffir -Simpson Hurricane Scale. The storm continues its rapid intensification and was upgraded only a few hours later to a Category 4 hurricane. On this day, Kenneth also reached its peak. The cause of this abnormal and rapid intensification was a low wind shear. In addition, warmer waters the storm presented directly in the way. However, Kenneth intensification was short-lived, because later Kenneth met cooler waters and an area with strong wind shear, so that the storm weakened to 25 November to a tropical depression. On this day the storm degenerated into a tropical wave back and moved northwest. On 28 November, Kenneth residues dissolved completely.

Kenneth has been the first and only major hurricane in the eastern Pacific that has ever been observed in a November.

Time course of the season

Storm names

Tropical storms and hurricanes that formed in 2011 in the eastern Pacific Ocean, were named from the following list of names. These names are also used during the 2017 Pacific hurricane season, when the World Meteorological Organization does not make any deletions from the list of names of tropical cyclones in the spring of 2012. Not assigned names are shown in gray.

• Adrian
• Beatriz
• Calvin
• Dora
• Eugene
• Fernanda
• Greg
• Hilary

• Irwin
• Jova
• Kenneth
• Lidia (unused)
• Max ( unused)
• Norma ( unused)
• Otis (unused)
• Pilar ( unused)

• Ramon (unused)
• Selma (unused)
• Todd (unused)
• Veronica (unused)
• Wiley (unused)
• Xina (unused)
• York (unused)
• Zelda (unused)

Tropical storms and hurricanes that formed in 2011 in the central Pacific Ocean, get names from a separate list of names. These are issued by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center. The next four names that are to be awarded:

• Pewa (unused)
• Unala (unused)

• Wali (unused)
• Ana ( unused)