Agaricus arvensis
White anise and mushroom (Agaricus arvensis)
The White anise and mushroom ( Agaricus arvensis, syn Psalliota arvensis ) is a species of fungus in the family of mushroom relatives. Other names are sheep Egerling, Common anise Egerling and sheep and mushroom. The species is popular as an edible mushroom. Its flesh has a pleasant aroma of anise.
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The stalk of the fruiting body is of itself color as the hat. He is a little thickening towards the base, but not sold. The ring is strong, 2- scaly and often resolved flaky. The stalk is 5-15 cm high and measures 1-3 cm. The fleshy hat is initially globose then convex weak. The color is white to cream-colored, the apex dirty - yellowish. The surface is smooth to slightly flaky fine scales. He traverses 8-15 cm. The fins are whitish when young mushroom, they then become discolored over whitish- gray or whitish with pink Beiton, then reddish- gray to black brown. Cheilocystidia are available.
Microscopic characteristics
The purple - brown spores are ovoid and measure 6-8 × 4.5-5.5 microns in size.
Artabgrenzung
The White anise and mushroom looks very similar to the toxic and inedible carbolic mushroom. While the former type has a licorice aroma, the doppelganger has an unpleasant odor of carbolic acid. In addition, the stem base of carbolic Mushrooms with bleed discolored chrome yellow, the white anise and mushroom turns yellow on the other hand significantly less intense. In addition, a confusion with the deadly poisonous Spring Knollenblätterpilz is possible. Unlike mushrooms but it is in a lapprigen vagina and its fins are always pure white.
Ecology
The White anise and mushroom is a saprobiontischer bottom dwellers, it grows in meadows or pastures, parks and gardens, on sand dunes and bushes, but never found in forests. It grows in typical fairy rings, which have an annual diameter growth between 40 and 50 centimeters. Studies of fairy rings of white anise mushrooms show that they have an influence on the grass growth ( Examines bluefin bentgrass ( Agrostis capillaris ) ). There are three zones: an outer zone in which grass growth is stimulated, a medium in which there is hardly grass growth and an inner zone with strongly stimulated grass growth. The species is relatively resistant infested regularly against the larvae of scuttle flies of the genus Megaselia, the other species of the genus.
Dissemination
The species is widespread in temperate zones worldwide. In Europe and North America, the species is common, widely used in Asia, Australia and New Zealand. In the north, the range extends to Greenland.
System
The species was first described in 1762 by Jacob Christian Schäffer based on a Bavarian type specimen. He chose the Artepipheton arvensis (Latin arvum = farmland ) due to the usual habitat. Within the genus of mushrooms (Agaricus ) the white anise and mushroom is in the section arvensis, subsection arvensis, whose type species he is.
A molecular investigation in 2004 revealed as the next relatives of the kind the Rissigschuppigen Egerling (Agaricus fissuratus ), Agaricus abrubtibulbus, the Rundsporigen Egerling (Agaricus nivescens ), the Snow White Egerling (Agaricus excellens ), the Dünnfleischigen anise and mushroom (Agaricus silvicola ) and the Brazilian almond Egerling (Agaricus subrufescens ).
Importance
The White anise and mushroom is tasty and a popular edible mushroom. Usually it is collected growing wild, it can be but also cultivate composted horse manure. However, the commercial scope of such crops is low.