Al Mansur Qalawun

Qalawun (Arabic قلاوون Qalawun; * 1222, † November 11, 1290 ), full name al - Mansur Sayf al -Din Qalawun al - Alfi / المنصور سيف الدين قلاوون الألفي الصالحي / al - Mansur Saif ad - Dīn Qalawun al - Alfi aṣ - Salihi, also Qala'un, Sultan was the Mamluks in Egypt from 1279-1290 and founder of the Bahri dynasty

Sayf al -Din Qalawun Alfi already served under Sultan Ayyub as- Salih (1240-1249) and distinguished himself during the campaigns under Baibars (1260-1277) from. 1279 crashed but Qalawun 's son Berke Qan ( 1277-1279 ) and took a short interregnum Solamischs the rule in Egypt.

First, he had to be reflected under the governor Sunkur an uprising in Syria. Moreover, the disputes with the Il- Khans of Persia lasted. However, these were in 1281 at Homs in Syria be matched.

Compared with the Crusaders in Palestine and Syria now an uncompromising policy of expulsion was operated to deprive the Il- Khans in Syria potential allies. Still under Qalawun was conquered Tripoli ( 1289 ) and several important fortresses.

Also to the south began an expansion of the empire, as the Christian kingdom of Nubia was subjected to and had to pay this tribute to the Mamluks. Caucasian Mamluks ( Circassians, Adygen ) were set to guide the campaigns under Qalawun increasingly. This should soon be an influential group that was able to win as Burdschiya - Mamluk power in Egypt (1382-1517) within the upper class.

In addition to his campaigns to Qalawun endeavored to reach the revival of trade with Europe, he finished by commercial treaties with France, Castile, Sicily and Genoa. The economic prosperity of the empire enabled an extensive construction activity. Thus, several foundations have been established for the construction of hospitals. In addition, he had built a large Grabmausoleum to which a hospital and a Madrasa were connected.

Qalawun died on 11 November 1290th was succeeded by his son Khalil under the throne name of al -Malik al - Ashraf Khalil ( 1290-1293 ).