Albatrellaceae
Albatrellus ovinus, the True Schafporling, type kind of the genus Albatrellus
The Schafporlingsverwandten ( Albatrellaceae ) are a fungus family of the order Täublingsartigen ( Russulales ). Besides porlingsartigen genres today will also include resupinate and truffle -like species. The spores are formed either in tubes or in the truffle -like in a Gleba. Both the tissue and the spores can be amyloid or inamyloid. Sphaerocyten never occur. All representatives are Ektomycorrhizapilze. However, it is believed that at least some species are facultative saprophytes. The type genus is Albatrellus Gray ( Schafporlinge ).
Description
The Albatrellaceae are one of at least twelve lineages within the order of Täublingsartigen ( Russulales ). In addition to the type genus Albatrellus ( Schafporlinge ) lineage also contains resupinat porous species, such as the mycorrhizal Byssusporling ( Byssoporia terrestris ) and truffle -like fungi. The truffle -like representatives within the family of Schafporlingsverwandten include the honeycomb truffle ( leucogaster ), the white truffle veins ( Leucophleps ), and also truffle -like North American genus Mycolevis. The fungi of the porlingsartigen, North American genus Polyporoletus belong to the family circle. These have corky - chewy fruit body and a short, more or less eccentric shaft. The short tube layer is firmly adherent to the hat and not severable.
Like almost all major branches within the Russulales - tree also have the Schafporlingsverwandten resupinate representative. The first evidence for a relationship between the Schafporlingen and Byssusporling ( Byssoporia ) presented Bruns 1998, it, as he examined the LSU genes of mitochondrial molecular biology. This result was confirmed by later work. Previously, the Byssusporling had been assigned to the Filzrindenpilzen ( Byssocorticium ), all of which have a purely saprophytic lifestyle and to the family of skin tissue relatives ( Atheliaceae ) belong.
Within the Schafporlingsverwandten the spore morphology is the most important feature. The spores of Leucophleps (white truffle veins ) and Mycolevis are thorny, the thorns are embedded in an amyloid gel. In Leucogaster the spores are like a honeycomb, and enclosed in a perisporalen bag. Even with Polyporoletus the elliptical hyaline spores are double-walled and appear slightly rough or kurzwarzig. The double wall is partitioned by columns or partitions. Only representatives of the type genus fall here from the frame, because in them the spores have no additional layer or shell. Also, some Schafporlinge inamyloide spores, which otherwise only occurs in the order of the Täublingsartigen in exceptional cases.
Ecology
All species of the family seem to be ectomycorrhizal fungi. Maybe, but they can also feed as a saprophyte.
System
The Schafporlingsverwandten ( Albatrellaceae ) were described in 1966 by the Czech mycologist Zdeněk Pouzar who still put the family in order Polyporales.
The Schafporlingsverwandten family has, interestingly, many similarities with the Täublingsverwandten. In both families there are species whose fruiting bodies are divided into pileus and stipe, Moreover, at least the vast majority of species live in symbiosis with plants as Mykorrizapilz. In addition, one finds in both families besides cap fungus also like truffle and resuspinate species. However, these similarities do not show detailed phylogenetic relationship between the two families, but are the result of convergent evolution. The common precursor of all Täublingsartigen was probably a fungus with resupinaten fruiting body and a saprotrophic lifestyle. From this first resupinate ectomycorrhizal fungi have then possibly developed, which have then developed into cap fungus and finally truffle -like fungi belly.
Some morphological similarities also exist with Hericium and Lentinellus. Albatrellus and Hericium have a monomitisches Hyphensystem and Gloeozystiden / gloeoplere hyphae, which can be stained with sulfobenzaldehyde. In addition Albatrellus has in the flesh amyloid hyphae, a feature which is also found in so Hericium and Lentinellus.
On the other hand, the Schafporlinge have a great similarity to representatives from the Polyporus relationship. Albatrellus syringae and Albatrellus peckianus, which formerly belonged to the Schafporlingen be made today due to the molecular biological results in a distinct genus Xanthoporus. The representatives of the genus Polyporus Jahnoporus belong to the relationship.
The Ziegenfuß - Porling is indeed related to the representatives of the genus Albatrellus, but is now placed in the separate genus Scutiger.
Genera
The following genera belong to the family of Schafporlingsverwandten: