Alpirsbach Abbey

The monastery Alpirsbach is a former Benedictine monastery in Alpirsbach, which was built in the Romanesque style. The cloister is in the Gothic style. It was on 16 January 1095 of the Bishop of Constance Gebhard III. consecrated.

  • 2.1 Evangelical abbots of Alpirsbach
  • 3.1 Organ of the monastery church

History

Foundation

Closely related to the Gregorian Church reform, populated for the first time in 1095 the monks of St. Blaise Schwarzwaldort. Germ cell of the monastery was a former Predium, an estate, which was believed to have originated in the course of clearing colonization of the High Middle Ages. The farm ranged from Ehlenbogen in the north to Schenkenzell in the south, from the east to the Wolfbachtal Heimbachtal in the West. The founders were the Counts of Sulz Alwik, Adalbert von Zollern and precious Free Ruodman of Hausen from Neckarhausen, the consecration was performed by the Bishop of Constance on 16 January 1095th The Bishop of Constance and the abbot of St. Blasier Uto I. was the free Abts - and Vogt choice of the monastery as well as a unumschränktes owned and administrative law committed. First abbot of the new monastery was Kuno, who came from St. Blaise. Already in 1099 consecrated the Bishop of Constance one the first stone oratory. 1101, the monastery by Pope Paschal II was placed under papal protection, the Emperor Henry V. these rights confirmed in the year 1123. In 1128 the great abbey church of Bishop Ulrich II is consecrated by Constance.

Even in the early days of the new monastery grew, the influence of the monastery Hirsau, so that the second and third abbot came from this monastery.

Development of the monastery

In the following years most abbots of the gentry of the monastic environment come. The property was divided into single benefice, the aristocratic way of life and mentality won the monastery more and more the upper hand. A certain flowering of the monastery is acquired in the 14th century under the abbots Walter Schenkenberg and Brun Schenkenberg, there are some new buildings, the decrease in income of the monastery can hardly be stopped.

1293 will be a rector puerorum and thus probably mentioned a convent school, 1341 was the Franciscan convent in Kniebis Alpirsbacher Priorat.

The Bailiwick of hereditary right which was originally located in the men of Zollern, finally came across the Dukes of Teck and the Dukes of Urslingen to the Counts of Württemberg. This pushed for the revival of the monastery and rule- righteous life of the monks.

The 15th century saw the monastic community in the dispute between the former Benedictine reform movements and the opponents of reform, which ultimately led to that of 1451-1455, the Convention disbanded. Approx. 20 years later, Georg Schwarz abbot of the monastery. Under him, and the influence of monks from Wiblingen, who belonged to the milker observance, entered the monastery of Melk Reform in 1471, even though, met with resistance from the incumbent monks.

Abbot Jerome Hulzing (1479-1495) led - as a secundus fundator - the convent of the Congregation to Bursfeld ( 1482 ). He is also called the second founder of the monastery. The reform efforts have led to new economic prosperity of the monastery, on a large scale construction projects were carried out. The enclosure building was almost completely rebuilt, after the end of the 15th century, the monastery church refurbished, early 16th century St. Mary's Chapel was built.

Reformation

The 16th century brought numerous confusions, peasant uprisings, and finally the Reformation to the monastery. In the term of office of the abbot Alexius Borre Furer 1522 left the later Ambrose Württemberg reformer Blarer as Prior of the monastery. After the reconquest of his duchy occupied Duke Ulrich of Württemberg, the monastery and reformed 1534. The Abbot Ulrich Hamma could give him no resistance and abdicated. 1535 was the dissolution of the monastery by the Duke.

During the phase of the Augsburg Interim 1548-1555 the church property had to be again returned to the monks under Abbot Jacob Hochreutiner who raised it by a bell storey with gable. However, the religious Peace of Augsburg in 1555 has already led to the fact that the monastery again fell to the Protestants. Duke Christoph taught in 1556 Alpirsbach as in the other thirteen men monasteries of the country a convent school one. This was, however, already in 1595 again canceled and merged with the school in Adelberg.

During the Thirty Years' War, returned as a result of the Edict of Restitution of 1629-1631 and of 1634-1648 again monks from the monastery in Ochsenhausen back. In the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia Alpirsbach then passed definitively to the Duchy of Württemberg and was, as before, managed as an independent monastery office. 1649 Leutkirche will be demolished. The prelate was the civil legal successor of the Catholic abbot with seat in Parliament, he was supported by a monastery administrator. In the years 1807-1811 the church property separately managed up to this point has been integrated into the assets of the kingdom Württemberg, the steward was the chief official Oberndorf incorporated. Alpirsbach forsake his role as judicial and administrative headquarters.

The possession of the monastery

The Gründungsgut the monastery was relatively closed to Alpirsbach, little was added in the following years, free float is visible to Haigerloch, Oberdorf, Rottweil, Sulz and Nordweil. In 1355, the two villages Gosheim and Wehingen were purchased from Reichenau monastery. Land ownership was grundherrschaftlich organized in the late Middle Ages, the monastery property was divided into prebends, the abbey in the second half of the 15th century heavily in debt. The consolidation at the end of the Middle Ages also affected the economic conditions.

Bailiwick

One high -, low-and manorial jurisdiction of the monastery corresponded to the legal institution of the Bailiwick. Hereditary Klostervögte were the Counts of Zollern, probably from the mid-13th century, the Dukes of Teck, probably from the late 14th century the Counts of Württemberg. The latter promoted the reform efforts of the monastery in the 15th century, including with the aim of landständischen monastic community. Country rule and Reformation caused the end of the Catholic Abbey ( 1535).

Architectural History

A small convent as a foundation plant with wooden Oratorio ( 1095 ) was soon followed by a small stone church ( 1099 ), after the completion of the cathedral building in the form of a flat-roofed basilica with three naves with a transept, choir and side choirs ( 1125-1133 ), which was consecrated in 1130 to St. Nicholas.

The floor plan of the monastery is inspired by the Benedictine Klosterbauschema and has the features of the Cluniac reform of monasteries.

Cluniac reform

Characteristic of all buildings of the Cluniac reform: archaic attitude, clear clarity of the floor plans, exterior and interior dimensionality, the task of the west choir and the crypts of the Gewölbebaues and the restriction of plastic jewelry. Example of this was the consecrated in 981 second column basilica in Cluny ( Cluny II). By changing the liturgy, the worship of saints had risen sharply - every priest had to daily read a fair - and therefore had the part of the Church, the priesthood was reserved, be extended. The basic idea of Cluny appears in the reform churches everywhere. In the design of the monk church the hierarchical order of the Convention was visible expression. They broke up into three in their liturgical significance stepped parts:

The east towers were east of the transept, the sanctuary flanking ( Swabian ), which served a vote of liturgy and chiming. The central apse exterior semi-circular closed; about their three altar niches - as in Hirsau - a kind of tribune for a fourth altar, flat ceiling in the western paradise. The unusual height of the sanctuary corresponds to the beginning of the 12th century. incipient increase in the proportions in the preliminary phase of the Gothic. About Heavy cushion capitals indicate the Swabian preference for rough shapes.

The monastery adjoins the aligned in east-west direction of the church. The chapter house dates from the 12th century, cloister and exam was from 1480 to 1495. To the east is the Dormentbau with the bedrooms upstairs and the working and living spaces of the monks. In the south, the refectory calefactory and connect with kitchen. To the west is the storage area with storage cellars and access to the outside world through the gate.

In the 15th century, extensive remodeling took place on the east wing of the exam. The Dormentbereich was divided into individual elements. The cloister was increased, so that even in the upstairs cells could be accommodated. In Südbau a new refectory was created at the same time.

Notable elements of the monastery are the tympanum over the west portal ( 12th century ), old sculptures on some column capitals and bases, a high altar shrine ( ca.1520 ) and epitaphs, inter alia Alpirsbacher abbots.

List of abbots of Alpirsbach

  • Kuno (1095-1114)
  • Konrad
  • Trageboto
  • Heinrich
  • Radulf (1168-1173)
  • Konrad (after 1178 )
  • Burchard (1200, 1222 )
  • Berthold (after 1222 )
  • Dietrich ( 1231 )
  • Berthold ( 1251 )
  • Burchard ( 1266 )
  • Folmar (1271 )
  • Johannes ( 1297 )
  • Albert ( 1299 )
  • Walter Schenk Schenkenberg (1299-1337)
  • Brun Schenk Schenkenberg (1337-1377)
  • Hans von Schultz ( 1380, 1381 )
  • Konrad von Gomaringen ( 1383, 1396 )
  • Heinrich Hack (1396-1414)
  • Hugo von Leinstetten (1415, 1432 )
  • Peter Hagg ( 1436, 1446 )
  • Konrad Schenk Schenkenberg ( 1447 )
  • Volmar Late ( 1448 )
  • Konrad Schenk Schenkenberg ( 2nd time) (1450 )
  • Volmar late ( 2nd time) (1450, 1453)
  • Andreas von Neuneck ( 1455, 1456 )
  • Konrad Schenk Schenkenberg ( 3rd time ) ( 1456 )
  • Andreas von Neuneck ( 2nd time) ( 1457-1470 )
  • Erasmus marshal of Pappenheim Biberach (1470-1471)
  • Georg Schwarz (1471-1479)
  • Jerome Hulzing (1479-1495)
  • Gerhard Munzer (1495-1505)
  • Alexius bars Furer (1505-1523)
  • Ulrich Hamma (1523-1535)
  • Jacob Hochreutiner (1548-1559)

Evangelical abbots of Alpirsbach

  • Balthasar Elenheintz (1563-1577)
  • Johannes Stecher (1577-1580)
  • Johann Konrad Piscarius (1592-1601)
  • John Esthofer (1601-1606)
  • Daniel Schroetlin (1606-1608)
  • Kaspar Lutz (1608-1609)
  • Andreas Voehringer ( Veringer ) ( 1609)
  • Alexander Wolf Hart (1610-1624)
  • Georg Hingher (1624-1626)
  • Elias Zeitter (1627-1634)
  • Caspar Krauss from Pforzheim (1630-1638)
  • Alphons Kleinhans of Muregg (1638-1648) (Catholic, because of the Restitution Edict )
  • John Cappel (1651-1662)
  • Elias Springer (1662-1663)
  • John Baur (1663-1670)
  • Joseph Cappel (1671-1675)
  • John Zeller (1675-1689)
  • John Crafft (1689-1695)
  • Georg Heinrich Haberlin (1695-1699)
  • Georg Heinrich Keller (1699-1702)
  • Konrad Ernst Reinhardt (1702-1729)
  • Herbert Christian Knebel (1730-1749)
  • Johann Albrecht Bengel (1749-1752)
  • Gottlieb Friedrich Roesler (1752-1766)
  • Johann Gottlieb Faber (1767-1772)
  • Johann Christian Storr (1772-1773)
  • Johann Christoph Schmidlin (1773-1788)
  • Christoph Wilhelm Fleischmann (1788-1797)
  • Johannes Friedrich (1797 )
  • Ernst Bernhard (1797-1798)
  • August Friedrich Boek (1798-1804)
  • David Bernard Sartorius (1804-1806)

Current usage

Alpirsbach Monastery is open for tours. It is one of the nation 's monuments and is supervised by the institution " State Palaces and Gardens of Baden -Württemberg". The monastery church is the Protestant church for their services available to the Catholic parish uses a hall on the south side as a chapel.

Organ of the monastery church

The organ of the church was built in 2008 by organ builder Claudius Winterhalter. The instrument has 35 registers on three manuals and pedal. The second Manual ( solo work ) is generated by alternating loops from the main plant. Striking is the Alpflöte the main plant as horizontal register. The pedal has 4 extendierte register. It is particularly noteworthy that the instrument in the church is mobile.

  • Couplers: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P III / P, II 16 ' / II, II 4' / P
Order of Saint Benedict Romanesque art Gothic art Heimbach (Glatt) Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor Hirsau Abbey Bursfelde Congregation Ambrosius Blarer Cluny Abbey Narthex
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