Ampelocissus

Ampelocissus latifolia

Ampelocissus is a genus within the family of grapevine family ( Vitaceae ). The 90 to 95 species are widespread in the Old World and in Central America and are used mainly in tropical regions.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

In Ampelocissus species rarely are perennial herbaceous plants or mostly little to more woody plants rarely grow independently upright as shrubs, usually climbing or as lianas. They can be evergreen or deciduous. The opposite deciduous leaves, often in the axes of the inflorescences, standing shoot tendrils are branched or bifurcated easy.

There are Ampelocissus species with Heterophyllie. The alternate and zweilig or spirally arranged on the stem axis leaves are usually divided into petiole and leaf blade. Depending on the leaf blade is simple, three-to elfzählig divided palmate, pinnate or pinnate fußförmig. The leaf sections may be stalked. The leaf surfaces are often dotted with glandular. The Blattnervatur hand is usually annoying or pinnately and it is also the nerve network to be discoverable. The inconspicuous, triangular stipules fall off early.

Inflorescences and flowers

The opposite deciduous leaves, often standing over Blütenstandsschäften, inflorescences are paniculate, zymös, capitate or composite like Asia or thyrsi and usually contain a lot of flowers. There are supporting and bracts and pedicels available.

Ampelocissus species are rarely polygamous - dioecious, but mostly all flowers are hermaphrodite. The relatively small flowers are four - or fünfzählig and radial symmetry with a double perianth. The four or five bare sepals are cup-shaped grown mostly on its entire length and calyx teeth are at most very short. The four or five free, spreading petals may be somewhat hood -shaped and fall off individually at the top. The discus well developed, cup-shaped is adherent to the base of the ovary and is a edgy, often with five or ten grooves. It is only the inner stamen circle with four or five fertile, equal, free stamens present. The two carpels are fused to an upper permanent, two-chambered ovary. The ovary chamber only two ovules are present. The usually short and conical stylus usually have about ten combs and end in a relatively small, only slightly widened scar.

Fruit and seeds

The spherical or elliptical berries are fleshy and usually only contain one to four seeds.

The seeds are obovate, nearly spherical or elliptic -oblong or flattened boat-shaped. The raphe is linear in cross-section and slightly spatulate Chalazaknoten are located in a shallow depression or is it a distinct keel and a furrow present. The oleaginous endosperm is T-shaped in cross section. The straight embryo has two cotyledons ( cotyledons ). The seed coat is wrinkled different depending on the type.

Sets of chromosomes

The chromosome number is 2n = 40

Systematics and distribution

The first description of Ampelocissus Jules Émile Planchon in 1884 by La Vigne Americaine ( la Viticulture et en Europe ); sa culture, son avenir en Europe; 8, 1, p 371-372. Type species is Ampelocissus latifolia ( Roxb. ) Planch .. Ampelocissus Planch. nom. cons. is according to the ICBN rules ( Vienna ICBN Art 14.4 & App. III) conserved over Botria Lour. nom. rej ..

The genus belongs to the subfamily Ampelocissus Vitoideae within the Vitaceae family.

The wide natural distribution of the genus Ampelocissus includes Asia and Australia, tropical Africa, Madagascar, Malaysia's, Oceania and Central America. In China, five species occur, two of them only there. In Australia, only three species are native.

There are 90 to 95 Ampelocissus species, here in China, Nepal, Central Africa (selection), Madagascar, New Guinea and Australia occurring species:

  • Ampelocissus acetosa ( F.Muell. ) Planch.
  • Ampelocissus arachnoidea ( Hassk. ) Planch.
  • Ampelocissus artemisiifolia Planch.
  • Ampelocissus asekii J.Wen, R.Kiapranis & M.Lovave June Wen, Robert Kiapranis, Michael Lovave: This species was described as new in 2013 for Papua New Guinea.
  • Ampelocissus butoensis C.L.Li
  • Ampelocissus divaricata ( wall. ex MALawson ) Planch.
  • Ampelocissus elephantina Planch.
  • Ampelocissus frutescens Jackes
  • Ampelocissus gardineri ( F.M.Bailey ) Jackes
  • Ampelocissus hoabinhensis C.L.Li
  • Ampelocissus latifolia ( Roxb. ) Planch.
  • Ampelocissus muelleriana Planch. , You only occurs in New Guinea.
  • Ampelocissus multistriata ( Baker) Planch.
  • Ampelocissus nervosa ( M.A.Lawson ) Planch.
  • Ampelocissus obtusata ( Welw. ex Baker ) Planch.
  • Ampelocissus rugosa ( wall. ) Planch.
  • Ampelocissus sikkimensis ( M.A.Lawson ) Planch.
  • Ampelocissus xizangensis C.L.Li

Use

The fruits of some species, for example Ampelocissus africana, are eaten.

Swell

  • Hui Ren & June Who: Ampelocissus, pp. 208 - text Registered as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 12 - Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis in 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 (Sections Description and systematics)
  • H. Wild & Drummond RB: Ampelocissus - text the same online as printed work, In: Flora Zambesiaca, Volume 2, 1966 - Vitaceae. ( Description section )
  • HR Coleman, 2008: entry in the Western Australian flora. ( Description section )
  • Anna Trias Blasi, John AN Parnell & Trevor R. Hodkinson: Multi-generational region Phylogenetic Analysis of the Grape Family ( Vitaceae ), In: Systematic Botany, Volume 37, Issue 4, 2012, pp. 941-950. doi: 10.1600/036364412X656437 (Sections Description and systematics)
Ovary (botany) Berry Cereal germ International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants Malesia Herbarium Digital Object Identifier Agricultural Research Service
58262
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