Anania coronata
Anania coronata
The Holunderzünsler ( Anania coronata, syn. Phlyctaenia coronata ) is a (small) butterfly of the family Crambidae.
- 6.1 Notes and references
- 6.2 Literature
Features
The moths reach a wingspan of about 26 millimeters (or a forewing length of 11 to 12 mm ). The ground color of the wings is yellow-brown with a darker, heavily curved transverse line. This is very broad lined bright yellow, the bright hem is usually very jagged. At this jagged line closes to the outside usually on a more darker jagged line. The hem line is turn darker, but often interrupted. A number close to the seam line inwards initially a brighter hem, then usually darker spots on the wedge, but can also almost absent. The wedge spots are often lined inside bright. In some specimens a light yellow region is formed instead of the spline patches, which can be enlarged patchily at the apex. Most striking is the light brown, large, roundish spot in the sinus of the outer transverse line. In the middle of wing there is a large, often rectangular to rounded yellow spot, which can also be edged with dark at relatively bright copies. At this spot closes the inner edge toward another spot on. In some specimens the dark Basallinie is indicated and occasionally lined bright. The drawing of the hind wings is similar, but here are de blotches on the inner edge usually larger, so that the bright areas are larger. The fringes of the front and hind wings are lighter than the base color and stand out clearly above all by the darker seam line from.
The relatively slender caterpillars are colored weißlichgrün and have a broad green dorsal line. Just before the winter, they can also be reddish in color. The head is pale yellow and relatively small.
The doll is from 9.0 to 10.1 mm long and brightly colored reddish brown, the cremaster slightly darker. The surface is moderately shiny, sometimes also wrinkled with a fine, papillosen structure. The cremaster is of medium length, tapering towards the rounded end and is dorsoventrally somewhat flattened. The numerous bristles are fine and hook-like curved.
Similar Species
The Holunderzünsler has a great similarity to Anania stachyalis, the distinction can be difficult in individual cases. Rudolf Bryner following differences to: Anania coronata has in the middle of the forewing a total of three spots in Anania stachyalis there are only two spots. The spot in the bay of the outer transverse line usually much larger and clearer drawn; also the spot for more Kostal lying by the edge is significantly larger. The bright edge line on the hind wings is in A. coronata rather continuous, dissolved in A. stachyalis in points.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species is widespread in much of Europe. In the north, the range extends to Finland in the south to Sicily. In the east it stretches to East Asia ( Russian Far East ). The species was introduced to North America, where it is now very widespread.
The species prefers fresh and rather damp locations with shrubbery, such as Forest edges, meadows and valleys.
Way of life
The Holunderzünsler forms in Central Europe two overlapping generations, flying their Falter May to August. In the UK, only one generation makes its appearance, flying moths their June-July. The moths are crepuscular and nocturnal, and are often observed at the light. During the day the moths rest in the vegetation, but can be easily startled. The caterpillars can in June (first generation ) and autumn (second generation) are encountered. They feed on the young leaves of the black elder ( Sambucus nigra). As more food crops Red elderberry are (Sambucus racemosa ), dwarf elder ( Sambucus ebulus ), lilac (Syringa ), True bindweed ( Convolvulus sepium ), ash (Fraxinus ), privet ( Ligustrum ), viburnum ( Viburnum ) and sunflower (Helianthus ) mentioned. The caterpillars put on the underside of leaves of their food plants in a fine web, which will leave at night to eat. The caterpillars of the autumn generation overwinter in a cocoon and pupate as Präpupa in the spring.
Systematics and Taxonomy
The taxon was described in 1767 by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel as Phalaena coronata first time scientifically. The holotype came from around Berlin and is considered lost. The species is found in the literature under the combinations Eurrhypara coronata, Algedonia coronata coronata and Phlyctaenia. These genera are today found among numerous other species in the synonymy of the genus Anania Hübner, 1823.
Harmful effect
In the northeastern states of the U.S., the type entered by the foliage feeding caterpillars to the elder on already as a pest.