Syringa

Common lilac (Syringa vulgaris hybrids )

Lilac (Syringa ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae ( Oleaceae ). It comprises about 20 to 25 species. They are distributed mainly in Asia and South Eastern Europe. The common lilac (Syringa vulgaris ) is often planted as an ornamental shrub.

Description

The members of this genus grow as deciduous shrubs or small trees. The branches are sometimes four wings. The opposite, usually stalked leaves of most lilac species are simple, rarely pinnately lobed; fiederförmige leaves have, for example, S. laciniata and S. pinnatifolia.

In often showy, differently constructed inflorescences many flowers are summarized. The flowering period of most species and cultivars extends from May to June. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers are cruciform. The flowers of lilac species and varieties come in many colors from dark purple to purple - red to yellow or white before and usually spread a strong scent. The four sepals are fused bell-shaped. The four petals are fused. There are only two stamens present. The ovary is upper constant. The stylus is shorter than the stamens.

Are formed capsule fruits. The seeds are winged.

Dissemination

The lilac species are native to Asia and Europe. There are locality data for the following countries and regions: Afghanistan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim (India), southwestern Asia and southeastern Europe. In China alone grow 16 different types. In Southeastern Europe, the Common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris ) and the Hungarian lilac (Syringa josikaea ) occur.

System

The genus Syringa belongs to the tribe Oleeae in the family Oleaceae. Synonyms for Syringa L. are: Busbeckia Hecart nom. inval .. ligustrina Rupr. , Lilac Mill, Lilaca Raf. orth var, Liliacum P.Renault nom. inval.

There are about 20 to 25 species in the genus lilac (Syringa ). selection:

  • Syringa afghanica C.K.Schneider
  • Himalayan Lilac (Syringa emodi Wall ex Royle. ): The home is Pakistan
  • Hungarian lilac (Syringa josikaea J.Jacq ex Rchb. . ): The home is Romania and Ukraine
  • Komarov lilac (Syringa komarowii CKSchneider ): The home is China
  • Syringa × laciniata Miller
  • Syringa mairei ( H.Léveillé ) Rehder: The home is China ( Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan )
  • Meyer lilac (Syringa meyeri CKSchneider ): The home is China (Liaoning)
  • Round-leaved lilac (Syringa oblata Lindl. ): The home is China and Korea
  • Syringa pinetorum WWSmith: The home is China ( Xizang, Sichuan, Yunnan )
  • Fiederblättriger lilac (Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsley ): The home is China
  • Syringa protolaciniata PSGreen & MCChang: The home is China ( Gansu, Qinghai )
  • Wooly Lilac (Syringa pubescens Turczaninow ): The home is China and Korea
  • Japanese lilac (Syringa reticulata (Blume ) H.Hara ): The home is China, Korea, Japan, Russia and Mongolia
  • Syringa sweginzowii Koehne & Lingelsheim: The home is China (Sichuan )
  • Syringa tibetica P.Y.Bai: The home is Tibet
  • Felted lilac (Syringa tomentella Bureau & Franchet ): The home is China (Sichuan )
  • Shaggy Lilac (Syringa villosa Vahl ): The home is China ( Hebei, Shanxi )
  • Common Lilac or Common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.): The home is Albania, the former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece and Romania
  • Syringa wardii WWSmith: The home is China ( Xizang, Yunnan )
  • Wolf lilac (Syringa wolfii CKSchneider ): The home is China ( Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning ) and Korea
  • Yunnan lilac (Syringa yunnanensis Franchet ): The home is China ( Xizang, Sichuan, Yunnan ).

Furthermore, there are some intersections:

  • Chinese Lilac or Royal Lilac (Syringa x chinensis Willd. ), Hybrids of Syringa vulgaris Syringa × persica
  • Syringa × persica L. (syn.: Lilac minor Moench, Syringa angustifolia Salisb. )
  • Canadian lilacs (Syringa × prestoniae Elinor )

Use

In particular, the Common Lilac, but also from any other species and hybrids are used as ornamental shrubs in parks and gardens. Some varieties are used as a cut flower.

The lilacs bloom is in Germany a symbolically lit export Weighing and shirts decoration during the celebrations for Father's Day or the Lord's Day ( during Ascension).

Swell

  • Mei - chen Chang, Lien -ching Chiu, Zhi Wei & Peter S. Green: Oleaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 15, 1996, p 280: Syringa - Online. ( Description section )
  • Fritz Grohmann: Oleaceae in the Flora of Pakistan: Syringa - Online. ( Description section )
Asterids Odor Ovary (botany) Agricultural Research Service
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