Syringa reticulata
Japanese lilac (Syringa reticulata )
The Japanese lilac (Syringa reticulata ) is a shrub or tree with yellowish white and scented privet flowers from the family Oleaceae ( Oleaceae ). The natural range is in Japan, Korea, China, Mongolia and eastern Russia. The species is often used as an ornamental shrub.
Description
The Japanese Lilac is a 2 to 10 rare 15 meters tall shrub or even a short -stemmed or multi-stemmed tree with ovate - rounded crown and with it sloughing in horizontal strip bark. The branches are bare and shiny reddish. Terminal buds are missing. The leaves have a 1 to 3 cm long stem. The leaf blade is herbaceous, just 2.5 to 13 centimeters long and 1 to 6, rarely 8 inches wide, ovate, elliptic- ovate, ovate - lanceolate, oblong- lanceolate to more or less rounded, pointed with a sharp, pointed or truant blade tip and rounded, wedge-shaped, trimmed, or more or less heart-shaped base. The upper leaf surface is bright green, the underside hairy blue-green, glabrous or rarely fluffy.
The flowers grow in 5 to 20, rarely 27 centimeters long and 3-20 centimeters by measuring, seitständigen, dense and often to several standing together panicles. The flowers are 0-2 mm long stalk. The calyx is 1-2 mm long. The corolla is 3-5 mm wide and yellowish white. The corolla tube is equal in length to slightly longer than the calyx. The anthers protrude far from the corolla tube. The flowers smell of privet. When fruits are 1.5 to 2.5 centimeters long, formed long elliptical to lanceolate, curved saber-like, smooth or studded with Korkporen capsules. The Japanese lilac flowers from May to August and the fruits ripen from August to October.
The chromosome number is 2n = 46
Dissemination
The natural range is located in Japan on the islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku, South Korea, in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, north of Sichuan and Inner Mongolia, Mongolia and Russia in the Amur Oblast and Primorye. The Japanese lilac grows in mixed forests, to grasslands, gorges and valleys at altitudes of 100-2400 meters on moderately dry, fresh to moist, slightly acidic to neutral, sandy soils in sunny locations. The species is thermophilic and frost hardy.
System
The Japanese lilac (Syringa reticulata ) is a species of the genus lilac (Syringa ) in the family Oleaceae ( Oleaceae ). There, the genus of the tribe Oleeae is assigned. The species was first scientifically described by Carl Ludwig Blume as Ligustrum reticulatum ( basionym ) and placed in the genre of privet ( Ligustrum ). Hiroshi Hara presented the kind of Syringa reticulata in 1941 as the genre of lilac. The genus name Syringa was chosen by Linnaeus in 1753, before the name for both the Commons lilac (Syringa vulgaris) and for the European mock orange ( Philadelphus coronary ) was used from about the 16th century. It was probably derived from the Greek " syrigs ", a wind instrument that can be made from the branches of the shrub pipes. The specific epithet reticulata comes from the Latin and means " net-like ".
There are three subspecies:
- Amur lilac (Syringa reticulata subsp. Amurensis ( Ruprecht ) PSGreen & MCChang ) is 4 to 10 rare 15 meter high trees. The leaves have a thick, 1-2 cm long stem. The leaf blade is ovate, elliptic- ovate to oblong- lanceolate. The calyx is 1.5 to 2 mm long, the corolla 4-5 mm wide. The fruit capsules have blunt ends. The subspecies blooms from June to July, the fruits ripen from August to October. The distribution area is in mixed forests, in grasslands and in ravines in 100 to 1200 meters above sea level in China in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Korea and eastern Russia. Bark and branches can be used as anti-inflammatory and diuretic agents, the flowers can be used for the production of perfumes. The subspecies was first described in 1856 by Franz Joseph Ruprecht as a separate species Syringa amurensis ( basionym ) and assigned in 1995 as a subspecies Syringa reticulata.
- Syringa reticulata subsp. reticulata is endemic in Japan.
- Syringa reticulata subsp. pekinensis ( Ruprecht ) PSGreen & MCChang forms 2 to 5 rarely 10 meters tall shrubs or small trees. The petiole is thin and 1.5 to 3 inches long. The leaf blade is ovate, ovate - lanceolate or roundish. The calyx is 1 to 1.5 mm long, the corolla has diameter of 3 to 4 millimeters. The capsule fruit has a sharp pointed end up. The subspecies flowers from May to August and the fruits ripen from August to October. The distribution area is in forests on mountain slopes, in valleys and along ravines in 600-2400 meters above sea level in Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi and in the north of Sichuan. The subspecies was first described in 1857 by Franz Joseph Ruprecht as a separate species Syringa pekinensis ( basionym ) and assigned in 1995 as a subspecies Syringa reticulata.
Use
The Japanese lilac is often used as an ornamental shrub.