André Le Nôtre
André Le Nôtre (also Le Nostre; * March 12, 1613 in Paris, † September 15, 1700 in Paris ) was a French landscape and garden designers. As the chief architect of Louis XIV garden he designed the style of the French Baroque garden ( jardin à la française French ) and thus exerted a major influence on the art of gardening in Europe.
Life
André Le Nôtre was the son of Marie Jacquemin and Jean Le Nostre, palace director and chief gardener of the Tuileries.
Le Nôtre began in 1630 to study art. In Simon Vouet, he studied the laws of perspective and optics, by François Mansart, Jules Hardouin -Mansart 's uncle, the principal architect of the Palace of Versailles, he learned the principles of architecture. At 22 he was appointed First Gardener by Gaston d' Orleans, brother of Louis XIII. , 1637 he succeeded his father with a redesign of the gardens of the Tuileries. 1645 he worked in Fontainebleau at the garden of the Queen. In 1649 he was tenured as a gardener for the park of Tuilerienschlosses.
In the period from 1656 to 1661 he worked with Louis Le Vau and Le Brun at the Chateau of Vaux -le- Vicomte, Nicolas Fouquet Minister of Finance. The cost of the whole work and the public display aroused the wrath of the king Louis XIV so that Fouquet arrested and his entire property was confiscated. 1662 Le Nôtre began work on the gardens of the Palace of Versailles, which should surpass all others, and won the full satisfaction of the splendor-loving king. Le Nôtre designed the gardens of the Trianon and the locks Meudon, Saint-Cloud, Sceaux and Chantilly and the famous terrace of Saint- Germain -en- Laye, which is almost the entire rest of Europe served as role models for the gardens of the princes. 1678 to 1679 he was again active in Italy, and was called by Pope Innocent XI. receive. He also taught on behalf of King Charles II of England, the gardens of Greenwich and St. James 's Park in London. He also provided plans for numerous other gardens. He was raised in 1675 by Louis XIV to the peerage and died on 15 September 1700 - ten years after the completion of the Versailles gardens - in Paris at his home in the Tuileries. The tomb is located under his bust in the Parisian parish church of Saint -Roch. He had ordered the bust under the sculptor Antoine Coysevox itself.
Family
Le Nôtre grandfather was Pierre Le Nostre.
He was with Françoise, daughter of François Langlois, married. They had several children, but all died young. A close relationship he used to Claude Desgots, his nephew and the son of his sister Élisabeth, who also was a gardener of the Tuileries, and whom he had appointed as his heir.
His second sister married Françoise Simon Bouchard, who was responsible for the Orangerie of the king. After his death took Françoise and her two daughters this task and worked on the side of Le Nôtre.
Student
At Le Nôtre students included Dominique Girard, the park of Schloss Schleißheim and the original baroque garden of Schloss Nymphenburg designed, and the park of Schloss Augustus Palace in Brühl near Cologne.
Works (selection)
- Baroque garden of the Palace of Versailles
- St. James 's Park in London
- Park of the Castello di Racconigi
- Jardin des Tuileries in Paris
- Park of castle of Vaux- le -Vicomte
- Park of castle of Maintenon
- Park of Chantilly Castle
- Park of castle Bussy- Rabutin
- Villa Torri Giani di Camigliano in Lucca