Angelo Mosso

Angelo Mosso (* May 30, 1846 in Turin, † November 24, 1910 ) was an Italian physiologist.

Family

Mosso came from a humble background and was the eldest son of three siblings. His father was a craftsman, a grandfather Maurer. The family lived and worked in Chieri (Piedmont), near Turin. His brother Ugolino Mosso (1854-1909) was a lecturer in pharmacology in Turin.

Education and work

In Chieri, Cuneo and Asti he attended high school. In 1865 he enrolled for medical studies at the University of Turin. Two of his teachers, the botanist and zoologist Filippo Mori De Filippi, gave him a job as a science teacher at the high school in Turin. In 1868 he took up a post as assistant at the hospital Mauriziano. Summa cum laude, he received his doctorate in 1870 with an experimental thesis on bone growth. The auditors recommended the gifted Mosso the physiologist Jakob Moleschott, professor in Turin.

On Moleschott mediation he obtained in 1871 a position in the laboratory of experimental physiologist Moritz Schiff ( 1823-1896 ) in Florence, where he worked experimentally for the first time. He then spent a year in Leipzig, Carl Ludwig, where Mosso the graphic registration of physiological phenomena studied and a plethysmograph designed. There he also met with Henry Pickering Bowditch (1840-1911) and Hugo Kronecker, which he assisted in experiments on fatigue and relaxation of striated muscle ( in the frog ).

Two vacancies from Heidelberg and Kiel refused Mosso and instead visited the Paris laboratory of Claude Bernard, Charles -Edouard Brown - Sequard, Étienne -Jules Marey and Louis Antoine Ranvier. He returned to Turin, to continue working at Moleschott, mainly via the blood circulation. 1875 Mosso got here the lectureship of Pharmacology ( materia medica ), 1877 and 1878, the extraordinary, the ordinary professorship. In 1879 he took over as successor Moleschott the Department of Physiology at the University of Turin.

Mosso established in the following 30 years of operation, the school of the Italian experimental physiology. Among the visitors from around the world was also the later founder of Neurosurgery Harvey Williams Cushing, the interest in the brain -pressure experiments Mossos had.

Performance

The scientific work Mossos is versatile and comprises 172 articles and books. He was the designer of scientific apparatus, justified as an opponent of vivisection with the experimental human physiology and dealt with matters of public health as well as archeology.

Mosso founded as a forum of its physiological research results, the journal Archives italiennes de Biologie (1882 ), the Institute of Physiology Parco del Valentino (1893 ) and a research station in the Monte Rosa massif ( Col d' Olen 3000 m) for height- climatic or respiratory physiology studies ( 1895).

Mosso described a variety of technical devices, which he used as part of his experimental studies as a tool: including an artificial iris, a plethysmograph (1875 ), a pneumograph (1876 ), a urological Zystometer (1882 ), a sphygmograph (1883 ), a ergograph and a Ponometer (1888 ), a Myotonometer, a sphygmomanometer (1895 ) and various respiratory apparatus and recording equipment.

His scientific questions consisted primarily of the analysis of motor functions (smooth and striated muscles under different physiological or pathological conditions ) and the relationship between physiological and psychological phenomena (including intracranial pressure, micturition). In addition, he was a pioneer of respiratory physiology ( for example, the inversion sleep breathing ) and the exploration of height climatic respiration. Mosso also worked on vasomotor, led pulse and blood volume studies and experiments on the physiology of the heart and circulation.

He argued, among other things, the integration of sport in education. In his last years he turned to archeology, participated in excavations in Crete, Southern Italy and in the Roman Forum and also published posts.

Mosso had sold more than 17 memberships in scientific societies, was 1899/1900 Rector of the University of Turin and in 1904 was appointed Italian senator.

Works

• Saggio di alcune ricerche fatte intorno all'accrescimento delle ossa. ( Tesi di laurea ) Napoli 1870
• Sopra un nuovo metodo per scrivere i movimenti dei vasi Sanguigni dell'uomo. Atti Acad Sci ( Torino ) 11 (1875 ) 21
• Introduzione ad una serie di esperienze sui movimenti del cervello nell ' uomo. Archivio per le scienze MEDICHE I, Fasc. 2, 1876
• Esperienze sui movimenti del cervello nell'uomo. ( Mosso, A. & Giacomini, C. ) Archivo per le scienze MEDICHE, I, fasc. 3, Torino, Vincenzo Bona 1877, p. 278
• Osservazioni sui movimenti del cervello di un idiota epilettico. ( Mosso, A. & Alber Totti, G. ) R. Accademia di Medicina di Torino, 1877
• The diagnosis of the pulse in respect to the local changes of the same. Leipzig 1879
• Sulla circolazione del sangue nel cervello dell ' uomo. Atti di Lincei. Me Sc. Fis. , Ser. 3, Vol 5, 7 Dicembre 1879, p. 237
• About the circulation of the blood in the human brain. Leipzig, Veit 1881 (online)
• La peur: étude psycho- physiologique. Paris 1886 (online)
• The fear. 1889 (online)
• The fatigue. Leipzig 1892 ( online)
• The temperature of the brain. Leipzig, Veit 1894 (online)
• Sphygmomanomètre pour la pression du sang mesurer chez l' homme. Arch Ital Biol 23 (1895) 177
• Man in the High Alps. Leipzig 1899 (online ital; online engl. )
• La fatigue Intellectual et physique. Paris 1903 (online)
• Les exercices physiques et le développement intellectuel. Paris 1904 ( online)
• Vita Moderna degli Italiani. Milan 1906 (online)
• The palaces of Crete and Their builders. New York / London 1907 (online)
• Excursions nel Mediterraneo e gli scavi di Creta. Milan 1907 (online)
• La democrazia nella religione e nella scienza; studi sull'America. Milan 1908 ( online)
• The dawn of Mediterranean civilization, New York 1910 (online)