Aroideae

Spotted Cuckoo Pint ( Arum maculatum )

The Aroideae are a subfamily of the plant family Araceae ( Araceae ) within the monocots ( monocotyledons ). At this subfamily include about 2670 species in 70 genera. Their occurrence has, however, almost the whole earth, the most species occur in the tropics.

  • 6.1 Notes and references

Naming

The name refers to the " spadix " and is associated with Aaron in context: Old Testament quotation (2nd Moses 7, 10): and Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh and before his servants out, and it became a serpent.

Description

The Aroideae are mostly herbaceous plants, rare shrub or tree structure. Numerous species are epiphytes or climbers. The alternate and usually spirally arranged leaves are usually divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leaf blade may be very different in shape. The veins end freely and it is usually not Parallelnervatur available.

The species are mostly monoecious ( monoecious ) rarely dioecious ( dioecious ) getrenntgeschlechtig. The typical for this subfamily inflorescence consists of the piston ( spadix ) and a bract ( spathe ), and the later depending on the type encloses the piston in knospigen state completely more or less strong. The unisexual flowers are often small and inconspicuous. There are no bloom yet. The stamens are, except for Philodendron, under grown together. In female flowers staminodes are often present.

The fruits are usually berries. The storage of starch in the seed takes place at the cotyledon ( cotyledon ).

Individual species

In the spring you can see the arrow leaves of spotted arum ( Arum maculatum ) discover in the deciduous forest. The brownish piston ( spadix ) exudes a musty, urine-like odor that some people find insects irresistible. Reuse hair at the constriction in the lower third prevent premature escape of insects. Only after sufficient pollen have come from the male to the female Aronstabblüten, the prison re-opens. Successful pollination is in late summer by the fruit stalls with bright red berries. A similar pollination mechanism has venosum Sauromatum, the Voodoo Lily.

The Aroideae include, inter alia, the plant with the largest flower / flower in the world, originally from Sumatra Titan arum ( Amorphophallus titanum ). The inflorescence unpleasant smell of carrion, carrion beetles of which feel irresistibly attracted.

The Araceae are among the thermogenic plants. They've developed their alternative respiratory chain a way to produce heat in the spadix. This heat for example, uses the arum to volatilize the floral scents ( carrion ) and thus better to attract insects.

Distribution in Central Europe

In Central Europe the genus Arum ( two types: Arum maculatum Arum and cylindraceum ) come, Calla Lily ( Calla palustris only ) and Kalmus ( only the type Acorus calamus ) course before, the threefold Pinellie ( Pinellia ternata ) has run wild from the Botanical Gardens.

Crops

Other well-known genera of Aroideae are the tree friend ( Philodendron ), the dieffenbachia ( Dieffenbachia ) and Syngonium podophyllum, the house plants with decorative leaves are. Some species are used as ornamental plants in tropical parks and gardens.

A number of types of Aroideae be used as cut flowers, an example is Lily ( Zantedeschia ).

An important crop is taro ( Colocasia esculenta ), the starchy tubers are used.

System

The subfamily is divided into 26 tribes:

  • Aglaonemateae: with two genera.
  • Ambrosineae: with the single genus Ambrosina.
  • Anubiadeae: with the single genus Anubias.
  • Areae: seven genera.
  • Arisaemateae: with two genera.
  • Arisareae: with the single genus crook ( Arisarum ).
  • Arophyteae: with three genera.
  • Caladieae: seven genera.
  • Callopsideae: with the single genus Callopsis.
  • Colocasieae: with six genera.
  • Cryptocoryneae: with two genera.
  • Culcasieae: with two genera.
  • Dieffenbachieae: with two genera.
  • Homalomeneae: with two genera.
  • Montrichardieae: with the single genus Montrichardia.
  • Nephthytideae: with three genera.
  • Peltandreae: with two genera.
  • Philodendreae: with the single genus Philodendron ( Philodendron ).
  • Philonotieae SYWong & PCBoyce: with the only Philonotion Schott occurs only in the Neotropics.
  • Pistieae: with the single genus water lettuce ( Pistia ).
  • Schismatoglottideae: with since SYWong & PCBoyce 2010 eight to eleven genera in the Paläotropis.
  • Spathicarpeae: eight to ten genera.
  • Stylochaetoneae: with the single genus Stylochaeton.
  • Thomsonieae: with two genera.
  • Zamioculcadeae: with two genera.
  • Zantedeschieae: with the single genus Zantedeschien ( Zantedeschia ).
  • Zomicarpeae: with four genera.

Here is the list of questions in the subfamily 70 genera with Tribus membership:

Swell

  • The subfamily within the family of Araceae in the APWebsite (Section Description and systematics).
  • Heng Li, Guanghua Zhu, Peter C. Boyce, Jin Murata, Wilbert LA Hetterscheid, Josef Bogner, Niels Jacobsen: Araceae. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3, pp. 3, PDF file online ( in the old scope without Lemnaceae ).
Vine Berry Typhonium venosum Agricultural Research Service
79406
de