Aureola
The halo (Latin nimbus, even halo, halo, radiation license, Aureole ) is a light-emitting or light appearance to the head or body of a person representation. Subtypes of glory note, together comprise the whole body of the person representation, the circular aureole and the almond-shaped mandorla. The glory is in art a symbol of powerful, enlightened, saints or gods. A light-emitting or light phenomenon, a sun crown or halo around the head or body of representations of special people is uniform over supplies from all cultures.
- 2.1 Symbolism in Christianity
Representation
In art, the glory in holy, noble or divine figures is shown in many ways. It surrounds the whole figure in a circle, it is called Aureole, in an almond shape Mandorla. Behind the head of the halo is a halo. In addition, there were painters who put the halo dynamically with the movements of the head in relationship. He was bright and radiant painted as if he ( typically white, yellow, silver or gold ), a light send out. Still living persons were sometimes represented with a square nimbus.
Floor mosaic, Apollo 7 strahliger sun crown of Helios, Roman, Tunisia, late 2nd century
Christ as Sol Invictus with 7 strahliger sun crown of Helios in his chariot ceiling mosaic, Detail, Mausoleum of the Julii, Vatican Necropolis, St. Peter 's Basilica, Rome, 3rd century
Constantine the Great ( 307-337 ) as a sol invictus. Minted in Lugdunum about 309-310. Sol standing charged with the face to the right, right hand, the globe on the left with the siebenstrahligen halo of Helios.
Christianity and Islam
In Christian art, the scope of Aura reduced over time until the Nimbus was only represented as a circular disk, as a system of several concentric circles or as a ring which is located behind or above the head of the figure. In contrast to the nimbus of the saints of the halo of Jesus Christ is often presented in a slightly different, especially on icons.
In Shia Islam, especially Ali ibn Abi Talib is depicted with nimbus.
Baroque column of the Holy Trinity with cross and Aureole on the Erdapfel, Olomouc, Czech Republic, 1716-1754.
Halo - Madonna in Altenberg Cathedral ( 1530 )
Manuscript illustration of Ilchane representing the investiture of Ali ibn Abi Talib (front right with Nimbus ) at Ghadir Khumm.
Medieval image depicting Muhammad with Nimbus.
Mughal painting
From 1580 the Nimbus - representation has been widely used in the Indian Mughal painting for prominent personalities and ruler of the Mughal Empire.
Mughal Emperor Humayun ( 1700 )
Mughal emperor Jahangir with a Sufi Sheikh
Mughal emperors Farrukhsiyar approximately 1715-1719
Symbolism
In the ancient art of halo was a sign of power or the divine and was also given the representations of various deities. Even Roman Emperor ( deified emperors ) are sometimes pictured with Nimbus on their coins. Likewise sun gods such as Mithras and Helios were often depicted with a beam of receipt or sun crown around the head; here the halo is clearly a symbol of the radiant sun that embodied these gods symbolically. In Zoroastrianism the rays glow symbolizes the sacred flame (or the holy light ). In taking over the ancient and the Christian symbolism, the halo is then also the Holy Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, for example, he adorns the double eagle - but even here there are late - Byzantine representation of the haloed eagle. Thus the halo over time the companion characters with representations of gods or higher beings. Today the word nimbus is often used as a figure of speech, without implying the pictorial conception is connected.
Symbolism in Christianity
In Christian art the ancient halo was first, then the Virgin Mary, and ultimately given to the Son of God, Jesus Christ and the popes the Triune God and the angels, and later the saints from the 2nd century. The shape of the cross nimbus of divine Trinity is the Son, God the Father and God the subject of God the Holy Spirit and marks them.
Some forms of Christian mysticism have developed out of the Transfiguration of Jesus on Mount Tabor, as recounted in the New Testament and is observed by the Apostles Peter, James and John, the special doctrine of Tabor light.
Five Buddha of Wisdom Mandala in Taizokai, Japan.
Justinian I, mosaic detail from the church of San Vitale in Ravenna
Helios statuette, with siebenstrahliger halo, Archaeological Museum in Antalya.
Benedict of Nursia, fresco in the monastery of Subiaco, Umbria, Italy, about 550
Pope Paschal I with a square halo, which identifies him as at the time of the portrait still living person. On a mosaic of the Basilica of Santa Prassede, 9th century
Louis IX. of France leaders of the two Crusades, 16th century Runa, Portugal.
Execution of Jews by the Crusaders in the Middle Ages. (NB At the bottom left praying Christians, one right praying with a halo, Christ with cross nimbus top left. Below Jews, recognizable by their Jewish hat )
Title page to Index Librorum Prohibitorum, copper engraving of 1711
Elizabeth of Hungary, painting by Edmund Blair Leighton, 1895.
Thomas Becket, English Lord Chancellor, glass painting by Samuel Caldwell Jr., Canterbury Cathedral, 1919.