Barnim I, Duke of Pomerania

Barnim I (* 1210, † November 13, 1278 in Altdamm ), called the founder of cities, was a Duke of Pomerania from the dynasty of the crackdown. He first ruled the Duchy of Pomerania -Stettin part, from 1264 he united the whole Duchy of Pomerania in his hand. Under his rule Pomerania suffered territorial losses against their neighbors to the outside. Inside, however, he strengthened Pomerania by the support of the German eastern settlement and by numerous city charter ceremonies. Under his government Pomerania was the face of a German national.

Life

Barnim I was around the year 1210 as the son of the Duke of Pomerania -Stettin Bogislaw II and his wife Miroslawa, daughter of the Duke Mestwin I of Pomerania, was born. He had two sisters, Woislawa and Dobrosława. After the death of his father in 1220, initially took over his mother Miroslawa, who came from the Pomeranian dynasty of the Samborid, for him the regency and guardianship. From about 1226 he reigned jointly with her and then independently from 1233. The Duchy of Pomerania was now of his two young Dukes Barnim I of Pomerania -Stettin and Wartislaw III. out in Pomerania - Demmin through difficult times, as before from their fathers Bogislaw II and Kasimir II Although Pomerania was freed from the Danish supremacy after the power of Denmark in the Battle of Bornhöved ( 1227 ) had collapsed. But the two had Dukes struggling with ongoing territorial claims of Brandenburg, which jointly ruling Ascanian Margrave John I and Otto III. Were invested in 1231 by Emperor Frederick II of Pomerania.

However, the Brandenburg were not available, but forced first Wartislaw III. in the Treaty of Kremmen on June 20, 1236 for the publication of extensive lands, recognizing the suzerainty of Brandenburg and the recognition of Eventualsukzession Brandenburg in the event of his heritage -less death. This last provision could make at least Barnim I. The Treaty of Landin 1250 reversed, albeit against waiver of the Uckermark. So Barnim I resigned after the death of his cousin Wartislaw in 1264 and in whose lands the rule, and so united the whole Duchy of Pomerania in his hand. In other foreign policy projects, such as the fight over the inheritance of the ruling in the countries Schlawe and Stolp Ratiboriden, or to possessions in the Neumark Barnim was I. However, less successful.

The reign Barnim I. was the beginning of the German legal colonization of Pomerania. In an even greater extent than Wartislaw III. he promoted the settlers pouring into the country, especially through the award of city rights by lübischem or Magdeburg Law, depending on the origin of the immigrants. The main municipal law ceremonies Barnim, the most settlements, in the already affected existing Slavic castles or proto cities were: Stettin ( 1243 ), Gartz at the river Oder ( 1249 ), Anklam ( 1243-1264 ), Stargard ( Pomerania ) ( between 1243 and 1253 ), Altdamm ( 1249/1260 ), Pommern ( 1254 ), Pölitz ( 1260 ), Pomerania ( 1263 ), Ueckermuende ( 1259-1265 ) and Gollnow ( 1268 ). That his dominion was far greater at the beginning of his reign, is his first city status in Prenzlau 1233rd The establishment of railway in 1234 by Barnim I is not conclusive. Together with his cousin Wartislaw III. he founded other cities. The German legal education cities led to the disappearance of the Slavic castellan. The changes under Duke Barnim of Pomerania rule gave the face of a German national.

Barnim I of Pomerania supported the diocese through exchange agreements with the formation of a rule within their own country Pomerania. He also donated some important spiritual institutions. Among them was the Szczecin Marienstift, in which Mary's Church, he was buried after his death in 1278. From his national reputation testifies to a lamentation of the poet Rumelant of Saxony to his death. Barnim I is one of the most important dukes of the dynasty of griffins.

Marriages and descendants

Duke Barnim I was married three times:

To 1238/1242 he married Marianne, whose lineage is not known. In the older literature, several lineages have been suggested, among other things, she was considered a daughter of Count Albrecht of Orlamünde or of Count Heinrich I of Anhalt. Marianne died in 1252. She was buried in the Cistercian convent founded by her in Szczecin.

To 1258, he married Margaret, probably a daughter of Duke Otto the Child of Brunswick. Whether Margaretha, as adopted by the historian Robert Klempin (1816-1874), is identical to the widow of Prince Wizlaw I of Rügen, must be very doubtful. Margaretha is mentioned in 1261 as deceased.

In his third marriage married Duke Barnim 1267 in Stargard, Mecklenburg Mechtilde, daughter of Margrave Otto III. of Brandenburg. Mechtilde survived her husband and died in 1316. She was buried in St. Mary's Church in Szczecin.

Barnim children are:

  • Anastasia († 1317 ), wife of Henry I of Mecklenburg
  • Bogislaw IV ( * before 1252, † 1309)
  • Miroslawa ( † ca 1327/28 ), wife of Count Nicholas I of Schwerin
  • Mechtilde, wife of Henry II of Werle
  • Barnim II (* 1275, † 1295)
  • Margaretha
  • Otto I (* 1279, † 1344)
  • Beatrix ( † after 1307 ), a nun in the Cistercian convent in Szczecin
House of Pomerania Mestwin I, Duke of Pomerania Samborides Wartislaw III, Duke of Pomerania House of Ascania John I, Margrave of Brandenburg Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor Magdeburg rights Gryfino Pyrzyce Banie Bishopric of Cammin Henry I, Count of Anhalt Vitslav I, Prince of Rügen Henry I, Lord of Mecklenburg Barnim II, Duke of Pomerania Otto I, Duke of Pomerania History of Pomerania Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Lexikon des Mittelalters Neue Deutsche Biographie Integrated Authority File
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