Boletopsis nothofagi
Boletopsis nothofagi in Nothofagus fusca biotope
Boletopsis nothofagi is a Ständerpilzart from the family of Weißsporstachelingsverwandten ( Bankeraceae ). The fungus forms of gray, stalked fruiting bodies that grow in clusters. Like all kinds of Rußporlinge ( Boletopsis ) he has a porous fruit layer. It differs from its congeners including through waisted, elongated spores and a green discoloration as KOH reaction. Boletopsis nothofagi is a New Zealand endemic species and forms mycorrhizal beech Nothofagus fusca with the bill. Exactly when the fungus forms fruiting bodies is unknown, they have so far always found in the fall.
The first description of the type of Jerry Cooper and Patrick Leonard dates from 2012. Boletopsis nothofagi is DNA studies suggest a more basal member of the genus Boletopsis. Probably the fungus is an indigenous species of New Zealand and was on the archipelago before the arrival of Europeans at home. He is considered very rare and possibly threatened, but was not yet recorded on a Red List.
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 External links
- 6.3 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The fruiting bodies of Boletopsis nothofagi grow in tufts usually rare individually. They have a centrally stalked hat, on the underside of the porous hymenium is.
The hat is convex, 10-80 mm wide and 5-22 mm high. In young specimens the edge is slightly inflected, while the hat of older fruit body often curls. The hat surface is smooth to slightly colored fibrous and gray. Pressure or prospects on stain darker and finally black. The stem of the species is in tight and keuliger to cylindrical shape. He is about 20-60 mm high and 10-25 mm thick. For hat and towards the base it tapers slightly in each case. The stem surface is smooth and dry, it has a similar color as the hat and also shows the same reactions for damage. The white, porous fruit layer has a thickness of 1-2 mm and turns to bruising brownish. Your pores are angular, one millimeter coming two to three of them. By drying they take on a pinkish- brownish color. The fruit layer is running slightly down the stem and is sharply defined. The dried meat smells away like fenugreek. The morphology of the mycorrhizae was not described, as with all other Rußporlingen but it should be either ectomycorrhizal.
Microscopic characteristics
Boletopsis nothofagi has a monomitische Hyphenstruktur, that is, all hyphae are generative hyphae which are in the growth of the fungus. The hat shows under the microscope a clearly differentiated hat skin. It consists of a cutis, so a layer of lying, radially oriented hyphae. They are up to 2 microns thick, brown pigmented and covered with small, misshapen grains. The latter are colored green in KOH, a diagnostic feature within the genre. The subcutis is on swollen, up to 6 microns thick hyphae. They are thin-walled, filled with oil droplets and have buckles at all septa. The hymenial layer indicates the pore structures zystidenähnliche of 80 × 4 microns. The basidia of B. nothofagi Pleurobasidien are so created on the sides of hyphae. You are cylindrically shaped to clavate, 5-10 x 20-30 microns in size and beschnallt at the base. The basidia bear four sterigmata always running light brown, thin-walled spores are. The latter are bumpy, the ends flattened and elongated waist. On average they are 5.3 × 4.1 microns in size, they do not respond to the usual chemical tests.
- Microscopic structures of Boletopsis nothofagi
Zystidenähnliche elements
Hyphae with buckles
Various spores
Dissemination
The references of Boletopsis nothofagi limited to two narrowly defined areas on the New Zealand North and South Island. The one that is also the type locality of the species, and the other is in the Rimutaka Forest Park near Wellington, at Saint Arnaud in the north of the South Island. Both places are relatively far apart and isolated, what it - makes unlikely that the fungus was introduced only recently to New Zealand - together with the absence of B. nothofagi in the rest of New Zealand. More likely is that it is an autochthonous, extremely sparsely used type, which has always been overlooked in previous mapping. For example nothofagi is the southernmost species of the genus Boletopsis, the closest relatives occur in Asia and Costa Rica.
Ecology
The occurrence of Boletopsis nothofagi are apparently very similar to the bill Beech Nothofagus fusca, an endemic New Zealand species of the book -like ( fagales ) bound. So far, the fungus was found only in N. fusca forests that are spread throughout New Zealand south of 37 ° S. With the trees it forms ectomycorrhizas, in which the mycelium of Pilzsymbionten envelop the roots of Pflanzensymbionten and does not penetrate into the cortex, in its cells. In the sequence of the fungus over the function of root hairs and directs water and soil nutrients to the harness on. Conversely, it can access the products of photosynthesis his Mykorrhizapartners on contact with the root tissue of the tree. The fruiting bodies of the species have so far (late autumn) always found in May.
About the habitat requirements of B. nothofagi - as humidity, temperature, soil composition or water content - is so far little is known. Since the style but seems to occur only with N. fusca, it should largely conform to their requirements. The species preferred depth and hills along river valleys and usually grows on nutrient-rich, well-drained soil. The species is more likely to find in Germany than in the coastal regions.
System
B. leucomelanea (USA)
B. nothofagi
B. leucomelanea (Finland )
B. perplexa
B. subsquamosa
Boletopsis sp. (Origin unknown)
B. grisea
B. leucomelanea (Korea)
2009 was found in Orongorongotal near Wellington an unknown Rußporlingsart. 2010, the fungus was found again in the same place and also discovered on the South Island. After morphological comparisons and a DNA analysis of other species of the genus came to the conclusion that the fungus was attributed to any known representative, described him by New Zealand mycologist Jerry A. Cooper and Patrick Leonard as a new kind, the first description as Boletopsis nothofagi appeared in journal MycoKeys. The authors chose the specific epithet nothofagi based on the property of the fungus as a mycorrhizal symbiont of Nothofagus fusca. Swollen hyphae and spores have smooth as nothofagi as a member of the subgenus Boletopsis subgen. Boletopsis from.
B. nothofagi is a genetically clearly differentiated representatives of the subgenus Boletopsis, who separated after the investigations Coopers and Leonards relatively early from the progenitor of most other known species. Only one North American, B. leucomelanea associated sample branches in their phylogenetic tree from even earlier. However, the relationships between many species in the study are not fully resolved, are also unlikely in the future probably still new species are described. Therefore, the development history of B. nothofagi remains largely unclear.
Status
The fact that Boletopsis nothofagi was not found until 200 years after the European settlement of New Zealand, illustrated by Leonard Cooper and the rarity of this type, but could also be due to that the type may rarely fruktifiziert. Both authors assume that the type occurs extremely sparse and this is not due to human activity. Although there are no data for collection development or the historical distribution of the species before, Cooper and Leonard look at the style but the New Zealand conservation program accordingly as " inherently rare" ( naturally uncommon ). In view of the precarious status of some related taxa in Europe, they remind us of more detailed studies in the future.