Bright-line Brown-eye
Gemüseeule ( Lacanobia oleracea)
The Gemüseeule ( Lacanobia ( Diataraxia ) oleracea) is a butterfly (moth ) from the family of cutworms ( Noctuidae ).
- 6.1 Notes and references
Features
The moths of Gemüseeule reach a wingspan of 35 to 40 millimeters. The forewings have a red-brown, the hind wings a bright reddish staining. Butterfly with yellow and red forewings are as f rufa Tutt. referred moth with black-brown forewings as f obscura winder. The transverse lines are indistinct pronounced and may even be completely absent. On the fore wings are a gray ring stain and a reddish yellow kidney blemish. The white drawing color extends to the edge of wing.
The egg is hemispherical with flattened base. It is first colored light green; it is later dark green to ash. The irregular surface comprises longitudinal ribs.
The beads reach a length of up to 45 millimeters. Their body color is very variable, ranging from green to brown, gray and pink. In addition to a fine white mottling is a broad, pale yellow to white spiracles present. The head is yellowish or greenish brown and with a pale pattern.
The pupa is dark brown. It has a pointy cremaster, which carries two pointed bristles.
Similar Species
Likelihood of confusion with the variables Kräutereule ( Lacanobia Suasa ) and the Erbseneule ( Ceramica pisi ).
Geographical distribution and habitat
The Gemüseeule is widely used in Europe. The populated area ranging from North Africa to the Iberian Peninsula throughout Europe to Japan. The limits of distribution extend north through the central Fennoscandia and in the south of the Maghreb countries as far as Middle East and Central Asia. The Gemüseeule is a synanthropic and settled mainly cultivated land such as gardens, parklands and wastelands where suitable food plants grow. In addition, it is also found in swamp forests, valley floors and floodplains.
Way of life
The Gemüseeule forms one generation per year. Occasionally, a second generation is observed, which is, however, incomplete. The moths can be found from mid-May to late July ( first generation) and from early August to mid-September (second generation). The moths like to come to light and can also be observed in different flowers ( Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis ), Common agrimony ( Eupatorium cannabinum ), fence winds ( Calystegia spp.), Butterfly bush ( Buddleja davidii ) ). They are also frequently encountered at the bait. The females lay the green colored eggs on suitable food plants. After about a week the larvae hatch. The caterpillars season lasts from September to mid-October ( first generation) and from early August to mid-September (second generation). The generations to overlap very much. They are nocturnal and hide in the day at the base of their food plants. Occasionally you can find them but also during the day stretched out on leaves where they bask in the sun. The caterpillars of the Gemüseeule living polyphagous among others, the following herbaceous plants and shrubs:
- Cabbage ( Brassica spp.)
- Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum )
- Lettuce (Lactuca spp.)
- Pea ( Pisum sativum )
- Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)
- Heather ( Calluna vulgaris)
- Goose feet ( Chenopodium spp.)
- Report ( Atriplex spp.)
- Nettles (Urtica spp.)
- Yellow Dock ( Rumex spp.)
- Genuine clematis (Clematis vitalba )
- Hydrangea ( Hydrangea macrophylla)
- Currants (Ribes spp.)
- Lupine (Lupinus spp.)
- Cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.)
- Pepper (Capsicum annuum )
- Small Toadflax ( Chaenorhinum minus)
- Mugwort (Artemisia spp.)
The caterpillars molt five to six times. Pupation takes place after about 30 to 40 days in an underground cocoon. The species overwinters as a pupa.
Pest
The Gemüseeule can do in commercial vegetable gardening and horticulture damage. The significance as a field pest is greatly decreased by the use of insecticides.
System
The genus is Lacanobia of hacker et al. (2002) divided into three subgenera. Lacanobia oleracea is placed in the subgenus Diataraxia Hübner, 1821.