Canarina
The genus Canarina ( German about: bluebells Canaries ) belongs to the family of the bellflower family ( Campanulaceae ). It consists of three species that are not restricted despite its name to the Canary Islands, but are sometimes also common in East Africa. This distribution suggests that the species is a relic of the hot- tempered Tertiary.
Description
The Canarina species are upright, crawling or climbing and sometimes epiphytic growing perennial herbaceous plants. The leaves are always undivided and vary from ovate about heart-shaped to arrow-shaped. The leaf margin is serrated.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and sechszählig ( this is a feature within the Campanuloideae ) with double perianth. There are six sepals present. The six petals are fused with only relatively short campanulate corolla lobes. The crown is yellow -orange to red-orange in color and usually with dark nerves. It's just a circle with six stamens present. The pollen has three, rarely four pores ( " Porat " ), which expire cases, long- drawn ( " colporat ").
The fruit is unusual for Bellflower Family berry.
The chromosome number is 2n = 34 in all species, tetraploid individuals also come but rarely.
Ecology
Canarina species are geophytes.
The Canarian type Canarina canariensis is bird pollinated, with pollination in the Canary Islands mainly through a permanent living subspecies of the willow warbler (Phylloscopus canariensis collybita ) takes place. This species has brought sucking nectar from flowers to perfection. Among the African species, the pollinators are unknown, but probably also birds.
System
The genus Canarina in 1771 set up by Carl Linnaeus in Mantissa Plantarum, 2, p 148; there the two spellings " Canaria " and " Canary " are used. Type species is L. Canarina campanula, which is a synonym of Canarina canariensis. Synonyms for Canarina L. are: . Pernetya Scop, Mindium Adans .. The genus belongs to the Campanulaceae Canarina in the narrower sense, ie for today's family Campanuloideae and is there in an affinity group with the genera Campanumoea, Codonopsis, Cyananthus, Leptocodon and Platycodon provided.
Species and their distribution
- Canarina abyssinica Engl ( Syn: Canarina abyssinica var umbrosa Engl ) - from northern Tanzania to Ethiopia
- Canarina canariensis (L.) Vatke (. Syn: Canarina campanula L., Campanula hastifolia Salisb, Mindium canariense (L.) Raf, Canarina laevigata G.Don, Canarina canariensis var angustifolia G.Kunkel. ) - Canary Islands
- Canarina eminii Asch. & Schweinf. (. Syn: Canarina elegantissima TCEFr, Canarina eminii var elgonensis TCEFr. ) - Tropical East Africa to Ethiopia
The "Art " Canarina Zanguebar Lour. can be loud Hedberg 1961 no voucher specimen assign and can not therefore be considered nonexistent. The "Art " Canarina moluccana Roxb. is invalid.