Cyananthus

Cyananthus lobatus, illustration.

The genus belongs to the family of Cyananthus Bellflower Family ( Campanulaceae ). It consists of about 23 species and is distributed in the Himalayas and southwestern China.

Features

Cyananthus species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants. The perennial species are dwarfed and often with bulbous stem axis. The growth is mostly prostrate or ascending. The leaves are alternate. The leaves are mostly undivided ( with C. lobatus three-lobed ), lanceolate over cordate - oval to roundish. Most species have a significantly distinct petiole, which is often winged and hairy, rarely the leaves are also sitting. There are no stipules present.

The flowers are usually solitary on the stem end, rare in zymösen inflorescences. They have a short pedicel, rarely the flowers are sitting. The hermaphrodite flowers are rarely three, usually four or fünfzählig. The chalice is sometimes adherent to the crown. The four to five mostly blue, rarely purple or yellowish petals are fused funnel- shaped or Roehrig. The four to five stamens have thin filaments. The pollen has seven to nine ( 6-12 ) furrows ( " COLPAT " ) and more or less clearly settled " polar caps ". The Upper constant ovary is three to fünffächrig. The fruit capsule opens at the top with three to five flaps.

The chromosome number 2n = 14 is usually rare (C. hookeri ) also 2n = 24

Ecology

The species of this genus are high mountain plants at altitudes of 2000 to 5000 meters.

System

The genus Cyananthus among the bluebells plants in the strict sense ( Campanuloideae ) and will be there in a kinship group with Campanumoea, Canarina, Codonopsis, Platycodon and Leptocodon. The unusual for Bellflower Family in the narrower sense above constant ovary, pollen morphology and chromosome number could have long assumed that Cyananthus original species is similar.

The genus Cyanathus is broken down by Krishna K. Shrestha (1997) into two sub- genres:

  • Section Cyananthus ( seven species)
  • Section Stenolobi Franch. ( nine species)
  • Section Suffruticulosi K.K.Shrestha ( two types )
  • Section Annui ( YSLian ) DYHong et LMMa ( three species).

Species and their distribution

Subgenus Cyananthus: With stalked, five petals:

  • Section Cyananthus Cyananthus cordifolius Duthie - Kumaon ( Uttarakhand, India), Nepal, Tibet
  • Cyananthus hayanus C.Marq. - Central Nepal
  • Cyananthus himalaicus KKShrestha - Central Nepal
  • Cyananthus integer Wall. ex Benth. - Uttarakhand (India)
  • Cyananthus lobatus Wall. ex Benth. - Indian -Punjab and east of it lying Indian Himalayan areas, Nepal, Bhutan, northeast Myanmar, Tibet, Yunnan (China)
  • Cyananthus microphyllus Edgew. - Indian -Punjab, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Tibet
  • Cyananthus pedunculatus CBClarke - eastern Nepal, Sikkim (India), Bhutan, Tibet
  • Cyananthus delavayi Franch. - Sichuan, Yunnan (China)
  • Cyananthus dolichosceles C.Marq. - Sichuan, Tibet
  • Cyananthus flavus C.Marq. - Sichuan, Yunnan
  • Cyananthus formosus Diels - Sichuan, Yunnan
  • Cyananthus incanus Hook. f et Thoms. - Himalayas, Tibet, western Sichuan, Yunnan
  • Cyananthus leiocalyx ( Franch. ) Cowan - Sikkim, Tibet, Yunnan
  • Cyananthus longiflorus Franch. - Yunnan
  • Cyananthus macrocalyx Franch. - East Himalaya (from eastern Nepal to ) to Myanmar, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan (China)
  • Cyananthus pilosus ( C.Marq. ) KKShrestha - Tibet, Yunnan
  • Cyananthus sherriffii Cowan - Tibet
  • Cyananthus wardii C.Marq. - Southeast Tibet
  • Cyananthus fasciculatus C.Marq. - Sichuan, Yunnan
  • Cyananthus inflatus Hook. f et Thoms. - Eastern Himalayas of Nepal to northern Myanmar, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan
  • Cyananthus lichiangensis WWSmith - Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan

Subgenus micranthus: With seated, flowers fourfold:

  • Cyananthus cronquistii K.K.Shrestha - Yunnan
  • Cyananthus hookeri CBClarke - Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai
Asterids George Bentham Ovary (botany)
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