Carlos Slim
Carlos Slim Helú ( born January 28, 1940 in Mexico City) is a Mexican entrepreneur in the telecommunications industry (including Telmex and América Móvil ). According to estimates of the Mexican financial magazine Sentido Común he decreed in 2007 had assets of 67.8 billion U.S. dollars, making him the richest person in the world. After Forbes Magazine prized him in 2009 with 35 billion dollars only in 3rd place, he stood in 2010 at 53.5 billion U.S. dollars in 2011 and 74.0 billion U.S. dollars back to square 1, the differences go back mainly to revaluations in the ongoing financial crisis in the financial information. In March 2013 its assets amounted to around 73 billion dollars.
Family
His father Salim Khalil Haddad Aglamaz was a Syriac Maronite Christian from Jezzine 70 km south of Beirut, Lebanon, as a 14- year-old youth fled to Mexico in 1902 and called himself in his new home Julián Slim Haddad. With his two older brothers, he went in the port of Tampico to the country and settled in Mexico City. There Julián Slim Haddad in 1911 opened a store called La Estrella del Oriente (Eng. The Star of the Orient ), and made a small fortune, which he used to acquire real estate in Mexico City. The property could be bought during the revolution of Pancho Villa at low prices and proved to be a good investment.
Julián Slim Haddad married Linda Helú, the daughter of another wealthy Lebanese family of merchants, and had with her six children, among whom Carlos Slim Helú was the fifth. Carlos Slim Helú called his father, in whose business he helped since he was eight years old, when his most important teacher in management, sales and financing. Julián Slim Haddad died in 1952, leaving his family his fortune, which Carlos Slim Helú used as the basis for his career as an investor.
Carlos Slim Helú was married to Soumaya Domit, who died in 1999. The marriage produced three sons were born, now in the daily business of Slim's group of companies are taking significant roles. Carlos Slim Domit (born 1967 ) is currently (2009 ) CEO of both Telmex and Grupo Carso of, an industrial and trading conglomerate.
Training
Carlos Slim Helú studied at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM) in Civil Engineering and graduated as an engineer from 1961. Even before graduating he taught Algebra and Linear Programming at the UNAM. He has also given lectures and seminars in public and private organizations, including the Comisión Económica para facilities in América Latina y el Caribe ( CEPAL ).
Firmenimperium
Since the 1980s, Slim built his business empire, Grupo Carso. Among other things, he acquired a tobacco shop chain, pharmacy, restaurant and gift shop chain Sanborn, the Mexican part of the U.S. retail chain Sears and Condumex, a manufacturer of auto parts. In addition, he made important connections in the political life of Mexico.
As President Carlos Salinas 1990, the state telephone company Telmex privatized, got a run of Slim consortium (including SBC Communications and France Telecom ) the contract and paid the equivalent of 1.8 billion U.S. dollars a very reasonable price. The value of the company was estimated at about 10 to 12 billion U.S. dollars. The telephone costs have since increased dramatically in Mexico, without the quality of the network significantly improved. The Mexican long-distance call market is not consistently open until today for other providers, the prices are among the highest in the world. Critics argue that was in the privatization of Telmex as well as with many other privatizations under Salinas corruption in the game. Telmex is the prime example of a failed, leading to a monopoly privatization of globalization critics.
Telmex is now by far the largest private companies in Mexico and dominates the Mexican Stock Exchange, whose vice president was slim for a while. The company was able to assert itself against foreign competition and expanded through investments in Latin America continue, especially in the mobile sector, which is operated by the subsidiary América Móvil.
In recent years, Slim and his group invested increasingly in the USA. So they bought, among other shares in Philip Morris (now Altria Group), OfficeMax and Saks. Since the late 1990s, Slim also owns a small portion of the shares of Apple and other U.S. companies. Slim is also one of the main shareholders of the television company Televisa. In September 2008, he earned 6.4% on the New York Times Company. In January 2009, Slim increased his share of 250 million U.S. dollars, which is a further eleven percent would correspond upon maturity of the shares in 2015.
The telecom group América Móvil of Carlos Slim increased in June 2012 at the Telekom Austria, increased its share until March 2013 to 23.7 per cent, which was the second largest shareholder. Slim took over the shares of Telekom Austria primarily from the Austrian investor Ronny Pecik, which was only started in September 2011 at Telekom Austria with 20 percent. Parallel to this, Carlos Slim, also in his second participation in Europe, the Dutch KPN, further purchased. The proportion of América Móvil in the Dutch KPN was 29.8 percent in June 2012.
The companies of the holding companies of Slims family more than 5 percent of the total Mexican economic output in 2006 were attributed according to the Forbes magazine.
Criticism
Slim is criticized as his property in a developing country accumulated, where the average per capita income is below $ 14,500 and 17 % of the population live in poverty Slims assets of about 5 % of the annual Mexican economic performance. His company Telmex occurs as a monopolist who controls 90 % of the Mexican landline market. The charged by Telmex user fees are according to the OECD among the world's highest.
According to Celso Garrido, an economist at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, prevents the market power of Slim's companies the growth of smaller companies, resulting in a lack of jobs, which is responsible for the emigration from Mexico.
Patronage
In 2000, Carlos Slim Helú, organized the creation of a foundation to rescue and revive the historic center of Mexico City. He is since 2001 Chairman of the Committee for the renovation of the historic center.
Published in 2007, Slim a plan, hundreds of thousands of laptops of the project One Laptop per Child to give away to children in Mexico. To this end, he wanted to invest in 2007 70 million U.S. dollars for 250,000 laptops and acquire 2008 additional 500,000 laptops. There have been ordered 50,000 pieces of him. Slim starts from an average price of 250 to 300 U.S. dollars per laptop. The device will initially be issued to schools and libraries.
Slim opened in 2011 in his hometown of Mexico City, a new museum to exhibit his enormous art collection there in the estimated value of around 700 million dollars. The museum building itself should have cost about 34 million dollars.
He supports the controversial conservative Order of the Legion of Christ and was even married by their criminal Marcial Maciel founder and pederasts. This Roman Catholic Congregation is partly due to its financial entanglements under observation by the Holy See.
Others
The fortune of Carlos Slim increased primarily due to price increases its investments in listed companies in Mexico on the Mexican magazine Sentido Común estimated 67.8 billion U.S. dollars, so that he was at least for a year as the richest man in the world. He thus replaces the leading for years from Bill Gates as the richest man in the world. In its list of The World's Billionaires Forbes Magazine Slim classified in March 2008 as the second richest man in the world with a fortune of 60 billion U.S. dollars, only surpassed by Warren Buffett.
He is also an active leader for the Latin American Development Fund, in which he focused on taking care of investment in infrastructure, health and education. He is an opponent of free trade efforts and market opening provisions for developing countries.
Carlos Slim Helú has a holiday home in San Bernardino on Lake Ypacarai in Paraguay.
In December 2008, Slim was touted as a possible buyer of the former Honda factory team in Formula 1. On the 23rd of the month, he was spotted at the factory, four days later leaked unofficially by that Slim would take over the team, with the guarantee of at least the next three years to fund the team a year with 400 million U.S. dollars. End of December 2008 denied the Telmex group such negotiations. Slim supported the young drivers Bruno Senna ( Ayrton Senna's nephew ), who would then ascended into Formula 1.
On November 17, 2012 Slim bought for two million euros 35 per cent of the Spanish football club Real Oviedo.
Quotes
"Put your weakness against your will. "
"He controls everything, buy everything, it is the fifth power of the state and always remains in the shade. "