Cephalotaxus mannii
Cephalotaxus mannii
Cephalotaxus mannii is a species of the family of the head Yews ( Cephalotaxaceae ). It is native to southeastern Asia.
Description
Cephalotaxus mannii grows as a evergreen tree that can reach the stature heights of 20 to 30 meters and diameter at breast height of 0.5 to 1.1 meters. There are also reports of up to 50 meters high copies. The light brown to reddish brown Stammborke flakes. The 8 to 24 centimeters long branches are elliptical to oblong- elliptical shape in cross-section, while about half as wide as long.
The relatively thin or leathery, straight or slightly sickle-shaped needles are linearly shaped with a length of 1.5 to 4 centimeters, and a width from 2.5 to 4 millimeters to linear lanceolate. You are at a 0-1 mm long stalk and go at an angle of 45 to 80 ° from the branches off. The more or less symmetrical base of the needles is blunt to blunt - wedge-shaped, while the tip sharply pointed or shortly mucronate. The needle edges are slightly bent. The Needles are dark green or olive-green and glossy on the needle base you will find 19 to 26 white to bluish white Stomatareihen.
The heyday of Cephalotaxus mannii extends from November to March, and the seeds ripen from August to October. The pale-yellow, male cones are spherical shaped with a diameter of 4 to 4.5 millimeters and are at a 1-5 mm long stalk. They are in groups of six to eight and each contain seven to 13 Mikrosporophylle, each with three to four pollen sacs. The female cones have a 0.6 to 1 centimeter long stem and are available individually or in groups of up to three together. You are from a 2.2 to 3 centimeters long and 1.1 to 1.2 centimeters thick seed coat ( aril ) surrounding it. This is initially green and turns to maturity towards red. The inverted - ovate to obovate - elliptical seeds are 2.2 to 2.8 inches long and have a sharply pointed tip or stachelspitzige.
The chromosome number is 2n = 24
Distribution and location
The natural range of Cephalotaxus mannii comprises the southern and western China, northeastern India, Laos, northern Myanmar, northern Thailand and the northern Vietnam. In China, you can find the kind in which is situated in the southwestern Guangdong Xinyi district, the county in Guangxi Rong, in Jianfeng Ling, Limu Ling and the Wuzhi Shan in Hainan, in the southeastern Xizang and Yunnan in the south and west. The holdings in Xizang and Yunnan have to be investigated in more detail, it could also about presence of Fortunes Kopfeibe ( Cephalotaxus fortunei ) act. In India there are deposits in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya situated in the Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills and the Naga Hills and in the in Nagaland.
Cephalotaxus mannii thrives at altitudes of 500 to 2000 meters. The species grows mainly in mixed forests, subtropical deciduous forests and wooded slopes. There are colonized a variety of different soils such as limestone and silicate rock. The species forms on silicate soils often mixed stands with Dacrycarpus imbricatus, Nageia wallichiana, the Oleanderblättrigen Steineibe ( Podocarpus neriifolius ) and yew (Taxus ). On calcareous soils can be found the kind associated with Amentotaxus species, Fujian cypress ( Fokienia hodginsii ) Nageia fleuryi, fenzeliana Pinus, Podocarpus pilgeri, the Chinese Douglas Fir ( Pseudotsuga sinensis) and the Chinese yew ( Taxus chinensis).
Cephalotaxus mannii is classified in the IUCN Red List as "vulnerable". The main risk the destruction of forests for the utilization for agriculture and the resulting fragmentation of holdings is called. Furthermore, the specific cases of large trees makes for timber and remove the bark for medicinal use an important role. The decline in overall abundance of the species can be difficult to estimate due to the large and fragmented distribution area. The stock in China is estimated at fewer than 15,500 trees, being unclear how many of them are fully grown.
Use
The wood of the species is to produce high quality furniture, used handles for tools and wood art. It has a fine structure that is rather hard, very flexible and easy to machine. It splits and does not deform and is considered to be resistant to insect damage.
From the seeds of oil can be obtained which is used for painting. Further, the seeds are used as a medicine.
System
The first description as Cephalotaxus mannii was made in 1886 by Joseph Dalton Hooker Icones Plantarum in volume 16, page 1523. The ore in India are attributed by some authors the type Cephalotaxus griffithii and the occurrence on the island of Hainan kind of Cephalotaxus hainanensis. These two types differ morphologically hardly Cepahalotaxus mannii.
Swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Cephalotaxus mannii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed on 19 December 2013 ( English).
- Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias & Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae. Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China. Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis in 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3, Cephalotaxus mannii, p 87 ( this printed work is the same text online, Cephalotaxus mannii - Online).