Cicer

Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum )

Chickpea ( Cicer ) is the only genus of the tribe Cicereae within the legume family ( Fabaceae ) and contains 40 to 43 species of plants. The distribution area of the genus Cicer located in Southwest Asia. The most important species in this genus is the thermophilic chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ), which was cultivated as a crop already in the Middle East more than 8,000 years ago.

Description

The chickpeas are annual to perennial herbaceous plants, woody occasionally something. The stems are erect or ascending. The plant parts are covered with glandular hairs. The leaves are imparipinnate, with three to many leaflets and the terminal leaflets can be converted into a tendril. The leaflets are cut at the edge. The side blades are serrated on the edge.

In pendent, racemose inflorescences, the flowers appear singly or in pairs to fifth. The cup is slanted or curved, with five free lobes at the base. The flag is nailed wide at its base, without lateral appendages. Nine of the ten stamens are fused together. The bald pen is curved.

The legume contains from one to ten rounded, beaked seed.

Systematics and distribution

The genus of chickpea ( Cicer ) is the only genus in the tribe Cicereae. It is in the subfamily of the Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the family Leguminosae ( Fabaceae ) classified. Related to it is with the tribes Fabeae and Trifolieae and the genus Galega. It contains the following species:

The chickpeas are mainly spread from the Mediterranean to Central Asia. Especially many species occur in Tajikistan. In the northeastern tropical Africa and the Canary Islands, however, are also still chickpea types.

There are 40 to 45 Cicer species:

  • Cicer Acanthophyllum Boriss. It occurs in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Tajikistan
  • Cicer anatolicum Alef. It comes in Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Armenia before
  • Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.): It is grown in many areas of the world; there is no reliable information about their origin, perhaps from Turkey.
  • Cicer atlanticum Maire: It occurs only in Morocco.
  • Cicer balcaricum Galushko: It occurs in the Caucasus
  • Cicer baldshuanicum ( Popov ) Lincz. It occurs in Tajikistan
  • Cicer bijugum Rech.f.: It occurs in the Middle East.
  • Cicer canariense A.Santos & GPLewis: It occurs on the Canary Islands (Tenerife, La Palma)
  • Cicer chorassanicum ( Bunge) Popov: It occurs in Afghanistan and Iran
  • Cicer cuneatum A.Rich. It occurs in North Africa and Arabia
  • Cicer echinospermum PHDavis: The home is Asia Minor.
  • Cicer fedtschenkoi Lincz. Homeland: Western and Central Asia
  • Cicer flexuosum Lipsky: History: Central Asia
  • Cicer floribundum Fenzl: The home is Asia Minor.
  • Cicer graecum Boiss. It occurs only in Greece.
  • Cicer grande ( Popov ) Korotkova: It occurs only in Uzbekistan
  • Cicer heterophyllum Contand. & Al.: The homeland is Asia Minor.
  • Cicer incanum Korotkova: History: Tajikistan
  • Cicer incisum ( Willd.) K.Maly: It occurs in Greece, Crete and Asia Minor.
  • Cicer isauricum PHDavis: The home is Asia Minor.
  • Cicer Judaicum Boiss. It occurs in Western Asia.
  • Cicer kermanense Bornm. It occurs only in Iran
  • Cicer korshinskyi Lincz. It comes only in Iran and Tajikistan ago
  • Cicer laetum Rassulova & Sharipova: History: Tajikistan
  • Cicer luteum Rassulova & Sharipova: History: Tajikistan
  • Cicer macracanthum Popov: History: West and Central Asia, India, Pakistan
  • Cicer microphyllum Benth. It is widespread from Xinjiang, western Xizang across eastern Afghanistan, northern India, Kashmir, northern Pakistan to western Nepal.
  • Cicer mogoltavicum ( Popov ) ASKorol. Homeland: Tajikistan
  • Cicer montbretii Jaub. & Spach: It occurs in Albania, Bulgaria and Turkey
  • Cicer multijugum Maesen: History: Afghanistan
  • Cicer nuristanicum Kitam. Homeland: Afghanistan, India, Pakistan
  • Cicer oxyodon Boiss. & High: . Homeland: Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq
  • Cicer paucijugum ( Popov ) Nevski: History: Kazakhstan, Tajikistan
  • Cicer pinnatifidum Jaub. & Spach: It occurs in the Middle East.
  • Cicer pungens Boiss. Homeland: Afghanistan, Tajikistan
  • Cicer rassuloviae Lincz. Homeland: Tajikistan
  • Cicer rechingeri Podlech: History: Afghanistan
  • Cicer reticulatum Ladiz. The homeland is Asia Minor.
  • Cicer songaricum DC:. Homeland: Central Asia
  • Cicer spiroceras Jaub. & Spach: home: Iran
  • Cicer stapfianum Rech.f.: History: Iran ( Fars )
  • Cicer subaphyllum Boiss. Homeland: Iran ( Fars )
  • Cicer tragacanthoides Jaub. & Spach: History: Afghanistan, Iran, Turkmenistan
  • Cicer uludereensis Donmez: History: Turkey
  • Cicer yamashitae Kitam. Homeland: Afghanistan

Swell

  • Bojian Bao & Nicholas J. Turland: Cicereae, pp. 546 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 10 - Fabaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 (Sections Description and systematics)
Rosids Perennial plant Agricultural Research Service Digital Object Identifier
190114
de