Circle route
A ring line in the public rail or road passenger transport ( public transport ) can have different shapes and thereby also follow different concepts. you can
- Around a center,
- Again in this center into a center out and elsewhere,
- Be conducted as a base line exclusively by one or more city or districts.
A special feature is the ring line guides following radial or diameter lines (continuation at the end point of a straight guide in ring form).
If ring lines round a town center in a large arc, cross connections between neighborhoods arise. Passengers save this travel time ( or travel time) and have to change often. Very similar tasks meet tangential and semi- rings ( for example, in Cologne Stadtbahn line 13 " belt line " or the express bus route 39 in Hamburg).
Rail passenger transport
The only rings in German U- and S-Bahn systems are the Berlin S -Bahn ring (since 1877) and the Hamburg U -Bahn ring ( since 1912 ) and the S1 S-Bahn Hannover. The Berliner Ring was interrupted due to the division of the city from 1961 to 2002. The Hamburg Ring was divided operationally since 1967 on the lines U2 and U3 and was closed as a busy loop line (U3 ) re-established on 29 June 2009 ( under integration of the branch line to Wandsbek Garden city). The S1 in Hannover travel on the route Minden - Haste - Central Station - Barsinghausen - Haste. As a destination from Minden but not Haste, but is " Hannover Hbf" specified. With this ring guide to additional usage possibilities arise by a change to Haste (which also has connection to RE- trains in Hannover).
A straight line can run - for example, in a suburb - end instead of at a terminus with a loop ( ring). Corresponding line guides there are, inter alia, in the Metro Los Angeles ( Blue Line).
Worldwide there are about 33 ring lines in the U and S -Bahn -like systems. Prominent examples are the subway lines ring in London ( Circle Line ), Glasgow and Moscow, as well as the Yamanote and the Oedo Line in Tokyo.
Passenger transport by road
Ring lines in the road passenger transport, it is often at night star-shaped networks (mostly night buses but also possible in the tram area). The transport links are only in one direction; several stretches of the day lines can be covered by the ring mode with a line. In medium-sized cities ring bus lines are also in regular daily operations used by modern bus systems (example: city bus Gütersloh ). Rings with longer travel path during the day mostly ridden in both directions, in the off-peak time then eliminates the operation of a direction.
Trams can run on ring lines. In Hamburg there was until 1954 a large Alsterring, which was served by the line 18. The Dresden tram operation from 1909 to 2000 - with interruptions - the line 26 on the city ring still colloquially named " 26er Ring" by this line.
In order to serve individual neighborhoods over a large area and with many stops, ring traffics are often used. This " district buses " begin at a central interchange station with connections to direct fast train, tram or bus into the city center. The line is operated in one direction only. Are combined to form a quasi- two ring bus; the line is on the way, the other served on the return trip.
A direct line from the center ( for example, a Metrobus ) can operate in a suburb rather than a terminus and a loop (ring), it is then. In this field to the quarter line with umsteigefreiem City port Disadvantage to large buses ( articulated buses ) of the direct line drive on the ring road through neighborhoods with often only a small number of passengers.
In smaller cities bus lines are merged to form a ring line frequently in the late traffic. The operation is then similar to a district line, three or more lines can be combined. A problem here is the concise as possible design of a poster schedules. Most of the benefits are difficult to detect by incurring some direct connections, the line network is unclear.
Sparsely populated regions or areas with high motorization density are particularly suitable for round traffic. In local and regional bus area they connect, for example, single or multiple municipalities or districts to the next main town, or a high-speed railway station (traffic ). The use of minibuses to ring lines makes where large buses on direct lines were unprofitable and were replaced with call lines, again a cost regular bus service possible.
Line Description
- Partial ring lines have separate on the direction line numbers, such as the trolleybus Milan., On line 90 in a clockwise direction, line 91 uses the same route counterclockwise. Similarly, in the tram Naumburg, she drove past in a clockwise direction as line 1, line 2 as contrary to the case of the Berlin S-Bahn lines S41 and S42, the complement to a ring line.
- In Aachen, additional letters are used, this refers to the pairs of lines 3A and 3B and 13A and 13B.
- In the tram Timişoara one distinguished the respective directions of the two ring lines 6 and 7 for several years by the colors red and black.
- In the tram Oradea a combination of numbers, letters and colors is applied. The lines 1N and 3N go clockwise, the lines 1R and 3R against the clock. N stands for negru (black) and R Rosu (red).
- In Breslau, Debrecen, Frankfurt, Innsbruck, Miskolc, Poznan and Szczecin, the ring lines were - each marked with the otherwise unusual number "0" - in allusion to the form of the digit. Among them were also partially touristy traffic such as city tours.
- Before the introduction of line numbers they spoke often of a circular path; in English speaking countries this term has also received in modern subways still as Circle Line, as well as in the Spanish-speaking world at line 6 of Metro Madrid as Circular.