Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan
Seirei shitei toshi (Japanese政令 指定 都市, dt about " by government ordinance certain [ wholesale ] city," short Seirei -shi (政令 市) or shitei toshi (指定 都市). Engl among other city designated by government ordinance, decree -designated cities, government -appointed majorcities ) are county-level cities ( shi) in Japan, certain administrative tasks, among others, in social services, urban planning, education and road construction take over for the respective prefectural administrations are responsible in other communities. In addition, Seirei shitei toshi divided into [ City ] districts ( ku ), to which they in turn delegate some administrative tasks such as reporting matters. Among the special forms for large cities Seirei -shi have before the chūkaku -shi ( " core cities ", introduced in 1994 ) and the tokurei -shi ( "Exception cities", introduced in 1999 ), the most extensive administrative skills.
Prerequisite for the appointment of a Seirei -shi by the Cabinet is a population of at least 500,000. The procedure for the appointment is not regulated by law, but usually begins with a decision in the city parliament, followed by the proceedings of Parliament and Governor of the affected prefecture; after a request to the Minister of the Interior ( Somu - daijin ) advise ministries and agencies of the central government before the Cabinet approves the Regulation for the appointment.
History
The status was introduced in 1956 and initially the five remaining of the six largest cities in Japan ( the city of Tokyo in 1943 went up in the prefecture of Tokyo) awarded, collected the more skills [ not selected in the Empire ] already in the Empire for decades by the central and prefectural governments had and for certain before the war, special rules apply: Osaka, Kyoto, Yokohama, Nagoya and Kobe. During the occupation ( Chiho - jichi - hō ) was in the "Law on Local Self-Government " in 1947 held in these cities, the status of tokubetsu -shi ( " special cities" ), such would have been released from the prefectures and had even been on prefecture level; the implementation of this reform was but of the national policy and the prefectural administrations by additional provisions, in particular the introduction of a prefecture -wide referendum as a precondition, practically prevented. 1956 changed the national parliament, the law and replaced the originally intended for the cities status of tokubetsu -shi by Seirei -shi, which confers the cities additional administrative skills, she makes but not entirely independent of the prefectures.
The sixth Seirei -shi in 1963 Kitakyushu and since the 1970s, followed by 2012 14 other cities, making it 20 Seirei -shi today.