Claytonia

Claytonia virginica

The plates herbs ( Claytonia ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family of Montiaceae. Only one of the approximately 26 species is native only outside the New World.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Claytonia usually grow as an annual or perennial herbaceous plants; Claytonia rubra only is a biennial plant. The perennial species form underground tubers, rhizomes or even slightly woody underground stems as outlasting. The above-ground stems are erect to creeping with bare nodes ( more nodes ).

The leaves are too few to several in basal rosettes and opposite or rarely in whorls at the third stalk distributed manner. The leaves may be more or less succulent. The basal leaves have a lineal, lanceolate, wrong - lanceolate, spatulate, deltoid, rhomboid or ovate leaf blade with blunt or bespitzem upper end. The twos or threes together rare standing stem leaves are mutually free or partially to completely fused or from the stems grow through ( perfoliat ) with lienaler or egg-shaped leaf blade.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers are borne in terminal racemose or doldigen inflorescences. The bracts are leaves- leaf-like, membranous or scaly. The relatively showy hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig double perianth. The five unequal, long-lasting sepals are leaf-like foliage and green. The five petals are often white. It's just a circle with five fertile stamens present, the stamens are fused to the base of the petals. Three carpels are fused into a spherical, dreikammerigen ovary, which contains three or six ovules. The style ends in three scars.

Fruit and seeds

The dreifächerigen fruit capsules open longitudinally from the upper end and the edges of the compartments are hygroscopic. Each capsule contains one to fruit rarely, usually three to six seeds. The shiny black seeds are round with a smooth or warty surface and have a white Elaiosom. The spread of the seeds is carried ballistically ( Ballochorie ) or by ants ( myrmecochory ), which are attracted by the elaiosomes.

Chromosome numbers

The basic chromosome numbers be x = 5, 6, 7, 8

Dissemination

Of the approximately 26 species are about 25 in North America, including Mexico and is home to a few species extend to Guatemala in Central America. Some species extending from northern North America to northern Russia. Only Claytonia joanneana is located only in the Altai Mountains in Siberia and Mongolia. In Europe and New Zealand, few species are neophytes.

System

The genus Claytonia was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, p 204. The scientific genus name Claytonia honors the botanist John Clayton ( 1694-1773 ). As lectotype Claytonia virginica L. in 1913 by NL Britton and A. Brown in Ill. Fl. N.U.S., ed 2, 2, pp. 37 set. Synonyms for Claytonia L. are Belia Steller ex JGGmelin, Limnia Haworth. Some species were formerly placed in the genus Montia.

There are about Claytonia species:

  • Claytonia acutifolia Pall. ex Schult. It occurs in Alaska and northern Russia.
  • Claytonia arctica Adam: It occurs in Alaska and northern Russia.
  • Claytonia caroliniana Michx. Coming into North America before widespread at altitudes 0-1400 meters.
  • Claytonia cordifolia S.Watson: It comes at altitudes between 500 and 2000 meters in British Columbia, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Washington before.
  • Claytonia eschscholtzii Cham. It occurs in Alaska and the Russian Far East.
  • Claytonia exigua Torr. & A. Gray: It is resident with two subspecies in western North America.
  • Claytonia gypsophiloides fish. & CAMey. It comes only in California at altitude 100-1200 meters.
  • Claytonia joanneana Roem. & Schult. It is the only species that is resident outside of the New World in the Altai Mountains in Siberia and Mongolia.
  • Claytonia lanceolata Pursh: It is widespread in North America.
  • Claytonia megarhiza ( A. Gray ) Parry ex S.Watson: It is widespread in North America.
  • Claytonia multiscapa Rydb. It occurs in British Columbia, Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Washington, Wyoming and northern Russia.
  • Claytonia nevadensis S.Watson: It comes only at altitudes 2000-3500 meters in California, Nevada and Oregon before.
  • Claytonia ogilviensis McNeill: It is an endemic species at the altitudes of about 1500 meters in the Yukon.
  • Claytonia palustris Swanson & Kelley: It comes only at altitudes between 500 and 2000 meters in California.
  • Claytonia parviflora Douglas ex Hook. It is resident with four subspecies in western North America.
  • Ordinary plate herb or purslane ( Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. ): The natural range of the three subspecies ranges from western North America through Mexico to Guatemala. In Europe, the Pacific Islands and New Zealand, there is a neophyte.
  • Claytonia rosea Rydb. It occurs in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and the Mexican state of Coahuila.
  • Claytonia rubra ( Howell ) Tidestr. It is home to two subspecies in western North America.
  • Claytonia sarmentosa CAMey. It occurs in British Columbia, Yukon, Alaska and northern Russia.
  • Claytonia saxosa Brandegee: It comes only at altitudes between 500 and 2000 meters before in California.
  • Claytonia scammaniana Hultén: It occurs in the Yukon, Alaska and northern Russia.
  • Siberian plate herb ( Claytonia sibirica L.): It occurs in Kamchatka, British Columbia, Alaska, Idaho, western Montana, Oregon, Washington and northern California.
  • Bulbous herb plate ( Claytonia tuberosa Pall ex Schult.. ): It occurs in British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, Yukon, Alaska and Siberia.
  • Claytonia udokanica Zuev: It occurs in Siberia.
  • Doldiges plate herb ( Claytonia umbellata ) S.Watson: It grows at altitudes between 100 and 3000 meters in California and Oregon.
  • Claytonia virginica L.: It is widespread in North America.
  • Claytonia × Washingtoniana ( Suksd. ) Suksd. It is a fertile natural hybrid between C. sibirica and C. perfoliata. It grows at altitudes between 0 and 500 meters in British Columbia; California, Oregon and Washington.

Swell

  • John M. Miller: Claytonia in the Flora of North America, Volume 4, 2003, p 465: Online. (Section Description, distribution and systematics)
  • John M. Miller & Kenton L. Chambers: Systematics of Claytonia ( Portulacaceae ), In: Systematic Botany Monographs, Volume 78, 2006, pp. 1-236.
Perennial plant Ovary (botany) John Clayton (botanist) Washington (state)
193401
de