Climate of Australia

Due to the large north - south extent of the country can be found in Australia vastly different climates. The north is tropical, it closes a subtropical area at, in the south the climate is temperate. The short-term weather and climate is mainly determined by three phenomena, the Tropical Depression belt, the trade wind zone and the subpolar westerly winds.

Over the year, especially the eastern states of Australia from the Southern Oscillation and the associated weather phenomena El Niño and La Niña are affected. El Niño years are associated usually with droughts (especially winter and spring ), whereas La Niña leads to heavy rainfall and flooding over the eastern parts of the country also.

Northern Australia

During the summer months from November to April occur because of a heat low Northwest monsoons and heavy rains on. January is around 400 mm of precipitation of wettest month. In addition, it comes across the Timor Sea to whirlwinds which are mentioned in this latitude cyclones or Willy- Willies. This is favored by the high water temperatures. The temperatures during this time are very hot ( around 28 ° C, 32 ° C daytime, 25 ° C at night) and it is very humid because of the high humidity. During the winter months, from May to October, whereas the north is due to a high pressure area dry ( 3 mm in July). The temperatures usually hover around 25 ° C (day 30 ° C, night temperature 20 ° C). The annual water temperatures are largely tropical (25-30 ° C); the annual precipitation are at 1200-2000 mm with extremes of 3500 mm in the northern Queensland. See Table Air Darwin.

South Australia

South Australia is in summer in the subtropical high pressure belt and remains up on some heat thunderstorm largely rainless. Here there is usually high temperatures (during the day to 30 ° C ), similar to the Mediterranean. Cooler ocean currents such as the Western Austral current and the west wind drift let the water temperatures rise barely above 20 ° C in summer and bring in the winter rain. There is also then a mild ( 10 ° C). In Tasmania, the climate is similar to temperate in our region and it falls mainly in the interior of the island in winter snow on a regular basis, which can be kept on the mountain tops and by the summer. See climate tables Adelaide, Hobart, Melbourne and Perth.

Western Australia

The western part of the country lies in the west wind zone and is exposed to rainfall. The farther north you go, the hotter and drier it is. So the temperatures are, for example, in Port Hedland between 31 ° C in summer and 20 ° C in winter, the. , With an average rainfall of 300 mm

Eastern Australia

South-east trade winds bring the mountains of the East all year orographic rainfall. The temperatures are quite high throughout the year, which is due to the Ostaustralstrom among others. It provides with water temperatures around 22 ° C for subtropical north and tropical climate. In addition, a relatively high humidity, which ensures that the temperature differences between day and night remain quite low. The precipitates are distributed mostly in the summer half of the year, it covered a total of between 1000 and 1500 mm. In the mountains to the west, temperatures and precipitation decrease rapidly. This becomes apparent, for example, so that the winter capital Canberra brings regular night frosts and in the higher mountains even winter sports are possible. See climate tables Brisbane, Canberra, Sydney and Townsville.

Central Australia

The center of the continent remains largely dry throughout the year, 80 per cent of Australia's semi-arid and arid area are areas with less than 250 mm rainfall per year. In addition a tremendous heat, with summer temperatures often exceed 40 ° C. Except for occasional rainfall, it remains mostly dry. In winter it is quite warm during the day, with around 20 ° C, at night, however, the temperatures can drop considerably. See Table Air Alice Springs.

Climate phenomena

The January 1, 2006 was found in Australia as the hottest start to the year since records began in 1858. In Sydney itself maximum temperatures were measured from 44.7 degrees Celsius in the shade at the official station at Observatory Hill at 16:24 clock. The January temperature record of 45.3 degrees Celsius in the shade of January 14, 1939 remained untouched. According to the national weather service is 2005 as the hottest year in Australian history since records began in temperature in 1858 a. In the first ten months of 2005, the values ​​were 1.03 degrees Celsius above the 30 - year average. Since 1988 a clear trend towards higher average temperatures is observed.

But there are also cold records. So, like for example at Christmas 2006 in the mountains south-west of Sydney snow, which put out a lot of the seasonal forest fires. But the holidays were in the cities of wet - cold: In Canberra, there was hardly night 2 ° C, Melbourne had to settle for 16 ° C and continuous rain, although this time of year 25 ° C were common. In Tasmania fell to 800-900 meters up to 5 inches of snow in Hobart, it was with barely 14 ° C, the zweitkälteste Christmas.

Maps

  • Average daily maximum temperature in January (summer) below 24 ° C
  • 24 to 27 ° C
  • 27 to 30 ° C.
  • 30 to 33 ° C.
  • 33 to 36 ° C
  • 36 to 39 ° C.
  • Above 39 ° C
  • Below 15 ° C.
  • 15 to 18 ° C.
  • 18 to 21 ° C.
  • 21 to 24 ° C.
  • 24 to 27 ° C
  • 27 to 30 ° C.
  • Above 30 ° C.
  • Below 20
  • 20-40
  • 40 to 80
  • 80 to 120
  • 120-160
  • 160
  • Always wet
  • Moderate winter rain
  • Hot and subtropical
  • Hot and tropical
  • Transition zone
  • Hot summer, cool winter

Air tables selected locations

Itemization

  • Climate
  • Geography (Australia)
El Niño–Southern Oscillation#Southern Oscillation Thermal low Port Hedland, Western Australia Semi-arid climate Desert climate Metropolis Bureau of Meteorology
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