Coffea

Arabica coffee ( Coffea arabica)

Coffee ( Coffea ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae ( Rubiaceae ) with currently 124 known species. The most famous among them are the preferred as plantation crops of Arabica coffee ( Coffea arabica) and robusta coffee ( Coffea canephora ), better known by the latter, only applicable as a synonym, Coffea robusta name. But there are also roasted and sold, in order to manufacture the drink coffee seeds ( " beans " ) of at least five other species.

Description

Coffea species are evergreen, small trees or shrubs. The opposite, stalked leaves have a simple, shiny leaf blade. The side leaves can be small to large.

Are formed Vielblütige, zymöse inflorescences. The scented flowers are hermaphrodite four to neunzählig. The white petals are fused Roehrig; wherein the tube is shorter than the corolla lobes. The style ends in a bilobed scar.

In the stone fruits, the so-called coffee cherries, usually are each two seeds, the coffee beans so-called, rarely three.

Drupes of Arabica coffee ( Coffea arabica)

Open stone fruit with two seeds

Use

The coffee beans such seeds are used as a raw material for the hot drink coffee. For this purpose, the beans are dried in different ways, fermented ( with or without the pulp of drupe ) and roasted later.

Of the raw or roasted seeds of the coffee tree, the coffee bean oil is obtained, which is mainly used in the production of sunscreens and body lotions.

Home and regions

Almost all species have their original home in tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands.

Since the 17th century, coffee is drunk in Europe, spread by the Arabs and the Turks. Originally the coffee plant from the highlands of Ethiopia and Sudan, but is now cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical zone as a cultivated plant.

System

The genus Coffea was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, p 172. Synonyms for Coffea L. are Buseria T.Durand, Cafe Adans. , Hexepta Raf., Leiochilus Hook. f, Nescidia A.Rich. , Paolia Chiov. , Pleurocoffea Baill. , Psilanthopsis A.Chev. , Solenixora Baill .. The genus Coffea is divided into two subgenera Baracoffea and Coffea. There are about 124 species in the genus of coffee ( Coffea ). Some were discovered only in the 21st century. The genus Coffea belongs to the tribe Coffeeae in the subfamily Ixoroideae within the family of Rubiaceae.

Of the large botanical occurring species are nine cultured either worldwide or at least regionally and used for brewing coffee. On the German market there are only two available, Coffea arabica and Robusta ( Coffea canephora ).

Here is a list (excluding the subgenus affiliation ) of the recognized ways, next to the botanical author abbreviation is indicated by the publication year of publication of the first description:

  • Coffea abbayesii J.- F.Leroy, J. Agric. Trop. Bot Appl. 8: 18 ( 1961).
  • Coffea affinis De Wild. , Agric. Prat. Pays Chauds 4: 113 ( 1904).
  • Coffea alleizettii Dubard, Bull Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 13: 280 (1907).
  • Coffea ambanjensis J.- F.Leroy, J. Agric. Trop. Bot Appl. 8: 16 ( 1961).
  • Coffea andrambovatensis J.- F.Leroy, J. Agric. Trop. Bot Appl. 9: 528 ( 1962).
  • Coffea ankaranensis J.- F.Leroy ex APDavis & Rakotonas, Adansonia, III, 23. 339 ( 2001).
  • Arabica coffee ( Coffea arabica L.), Sp Pl: 172 (1753 ). including those grown in Ethiopia Sidamo variety.
  • Coffea boiviniana ( Baill. ) Drake in A.Grandidier subsp. boiviniana.
  • Coffea boiviniana subsp. Drakei J.- F.Leroy, J. Agric. Trop. Bot Appl. 9: 529 ( 1962).
  • Coffea coursiana subsp. coursiana.
  • Coffea coursiana subsp. littoralis J.- F.Leroy, J. Agric. Trop. Bot Appl. 9: 529 ( 1962).
  • Coffea lancifolia auriculata var - F.Leroy J., J. Agric. Trop. Bot Appl. 9: 224 (1962).
  • Coffea lancifolia var lancifolia.
  • Coffea liberica f bwambensis Bridson, Kew Bull 37: 314 (1982).
  • Coffea liberica var dewevrei ( De Wild. & T.Durand ) Lebrun, Mém. Roy Inst. Colon. Belge, Sect. Sci. Nat. ( 8vo ) 11 (3): 168 ( 1941).
  • Coffea liberica var liberica.
  • Coffea mufindiensis subsp. australis Bridson, Kew Bull 36: 844 (1982).
  • Coffea mufindiensis subsp. lundaziensis Bridson, Kew Bull 36: 844 (1982).
  • Coffea mufindiensis subsp. mufindiensis.
  • Coffea mufindiensis subsp. pawekiana ( Bridson ) Bridson, Kew Bull 41: 309 (1986).
  • Coffea sessiliflora subsp. mwasumbii Bridson, Kew Bull 41: 308 ( 1986).
  • Coffea sessiliflora subsp. sessiliflora.

Cultivated types of coffee

Swell

  • Information about genus and species in the flora of Thailand. (Section Description and dissemination )
Gentianales Juice vesicles Fermentation Coffee production in Ethiopia#Sidamo Guinea Bengal Agricultural Research Service
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