Corymbia
Corymbia is a genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family ( Myrtaceae ). The 95 species of New Guinea before coming to Australia, where they are denoted by the English common name as " Bloodwood ", " Ghost Gum" or "Spotted Gum". Some species are used in many ways.
- 3.1 Botanical History
- 3.2 distinguish the closely related genera
- 3.3 types
Description
Appearance, bark and leaves
Corymbia species are evergreen and grow mostly as trees, rare in the habit of Mallee Eucalyptus, this is a habit that is more shrub-like than tree-like, there are usually multiple strains available that form a Lignotuber. You can reach heights of growth of 5 to 40 meters.
The bark is usually smooth on the whole plant or remains at the lower part of the stem. It is gray to gray-black, and dull, and white on the upper parts of the plant, gray, cream white to salmon pink or orange. There she peels off in short ribbons or small, polygonal patches. Oil glands are there in the bark and in the marrow.
In Corymbia is available Heterophyllie. In some species, including the crown of adult specimens youth leaves. The ever against constantly arranged leaves are in some species rotated with the narrow side facing the sun on the branches. The most aromatic leaves are always divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole can be barely visible to long. The simple leaf blades are herbaceous or leathery depending on the type. In young specimens the leaf blades are lanceolate to ovate and have stiff glandular hairs, sometimes only apparently no. At middle-aged plants, the leaf blades are lanceolate to elliptic, straight, entire, dull and green. The on leaf underside and top the same dull gray - green colored leaf blades of adult specimens are relatively thick, straight and narrow - lanceolate to broadly ovate or blunt or sharp - tapered Spreitenbasis and pointed to a rounded top. It is usually Fiedernervatur before, but sometimes it looks like Parallelnervatur from or is it just a piece of nerve recognizable; located between the lateral nerves nervous power. The barely visible lateral nerves go from small intervals at an obtuse angle from the midrib. On each half of the sheet, there is a strong, consistent, so-called intra- marginal nerve, it runs at a short distance along on the leaf margin. There are no stipules present.
Inflorescences and flowers
Terminally or laterally on a steep round inflorescence stem is a composite, little branched, or rispiger thyrsoider total inflorescence, consisting of irregular, doldigen part inflorescences, each containing mostly seven ( three to eleven ) flowers. There may be two under each flower bracts. The flower stems are terete.
The club-shaped flower bud is not floured blue - green or frosted. The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and four or fünfzählig double perianth. The free flower cup ( hypanthium ) is smooth. The four or five sepals form an outer calyptra or operculum, which falls early or even present during anthesis. The smooth outer calyptra is knee disc-shaped or conical short and as wide as the flower cups. The four or five more or less free, usually white or cream-colored, rare red ( Corymbia ficifolia ), ganzrandigen petals may be more or less fused with the sepals and can be fused to an inner Calyptra, it can at the same time or later than the outer calyptra fall. The many (20 to 150) usually white or cream-colored, rare red ( Corymbia ficifolia ) stamens are usually in some continuous circles and develop centripetally; they may be the same or all distinct. The in bud regularly bent inward stamens are mutually free and not fused with the petals. Its free, dorsifixen anthers oblong or oblong- obovate and open with parallel slots. The dust bag may have an appendage with a large gland. It is a discus available. The ovary is, except its upper end, surrounded by the flower cups. Most three or four carpels are fused to a half under constant, usually two, three or vierkammerigen ovary. The stalked ovary contains many (20 to 50) ascending, hemi - anatrope ovules in central angle constant placentation. The stylus is positioned right or curved in the bud. The scars have short or long papillae.
Pollination is by insects ( entomophily ) or by birds ( Ornithophilie ).
Fruit and seeds
The stalked capsule fruits are cylindrical, egg -, bullet - or urn- shaped, and woody in most species; they open at maturity. The disc is pressed in and the three to four fruit trays are included.
The knee- disk-shaped or egg-shaped seeds are regular or flattened with a slightly network and matt to semi-gloss, red or red- brown seed coat ( testa). At the upper end of the seed is a hilum. The winged or wingless seed contains no endosperm. The embryo has two kidney-shaped cotyledons ( cotyledons ).
Occurrence
Corymbia species occur mainly in the northern half of Australia, but also in the southwest of Western Australia and the eastern coast of the continent, down to eastern Victoria, before. Some species can also be found on the south coast of Papua New Guinea.
System
The genus Corymbia 1995 by Kenneth D. Hill and Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson in Systematic studies in the Eucalypts. 7 A revision of the blood woods, genus Corymbia ( Myrtaceae ). In: Telopea, Volume 6, Issue 2-3, p 214 installed. Type species is Corymbia gummifera ( Gaertn. ) KDHill & LASJohnson. Synonyms for Corymbia KDHill & LASJohnson are: Eucalyptus ser. Corymbosae Blakely and Eucalyptus subser. Corymbosae Benth.
The genus Corymbia is part of the tribe Eucalypteae in the subfamily Myrtoideae within the Myrtaceae family.
Botanical history
Eucalyptus subser. Corymbosae Benth. has already been considered by Bentham in 1867 as a separate group in the large and widespread genus Eucalyptus. WF Blakely in A Key to the Eucalypts, 15, 1934, p 73 rated this kinship group as a series Eucalyptus ser. Corymbosae Blakely of the genus Eucalyptus one. Molecular genetic studies in the 1990s showed that these species are related more with the Angophora species than with the core group of the genus Eucalyptus and are therefore considered better as a separate genus. Only in 1995 they were by Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson in Systematic studies in the Eucalypts. 7 A revision of the blood woods, genus Corymbia ( Myrtaceae ). In: Telopea, Volume 6, Issue 2-3, pp. 185-504 placed in the rank of a genus Corymbia.
S. L. All three species of eucalypts - Eucalyptus, Corymbia and Angophora - are closely related, often difficult to distinguish and eucalyptus are still grouped under the term. Since Hill and Johnson 1995 lined up the genus Corymbia, there are continuing investigations into the relationship of the three genera. Genetic analysis of ETS and spacer sections of DNA that have been in 2006 by Carlos Alberto Parra Osorio and colleagues with 67 taxa (47 of them in the genus Corymbia ) performed showed that Corymbia and Angophora are most closely related to each other and Eucalyptus a is used to split the genus. In Parra Osorio, Carlos Alberto & Michael Bayly: ETS sequences support the monophyly of the eucalypt genus Corymbia ( Myrtaceae ). In: Taxon, Volume 55, No. 3, 2006, pp. 653-63 discussed that the small genera Eucalyptopsis, Stockwellia and Allosyncarpia form their own kin group, which has split off even earlier. 2009 added Osorio among others more taxa are added and published a combined analysis of cell rDNA (ETS spacer) and the morphological features in order to clarify the family relationships within the genera. So two main kinship groups were confirmed that they as a species of Corymbia: Corymbia and Blakella defined.
Differentiation of the closely related genera
Corymbia are defined as eucalypts, the schirmrispige (English: corymb ) inflorescences possess. These inflorescences appear as composite cones, but have extended the edge flower stalks, which lead to a flat surface formation of the inflorescence. The genus Angophora is much more difficult to distinguish from the genus Eucalyptus. The main distinguishing feature is the position of the leaves on branch in adult plants: While the Angophora against permanent leaves possess, this is not true of most species of the genus Eucalyptus. The younger specimens of this species possess but often the leaf arrangement of Angophora.
Species
There are about 95 ( to 127) Corymbia species:
- Corymbia abbreviata ( Blakely & Jacobs ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia abergiana ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia aparrerinja K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia arafurica K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia arenaria ( Blakely ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia arnhemensis ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia aspera ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia aureola ( Brooker & ARBean ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia bella K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia blakei K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia bleeseri ( Blakely ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia bloxsomei ( Maiden) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia brachycarpa ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia bunites ( Brooker & ARBean ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia cadophora K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Marribaum ( Corymbia calophylla ) ( R.Br. ex Lindl. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia candida K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia chartacea K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia × chillagoensis K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia chippendalei ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Lemon eucalyptus ( Corymbia citriodora ) ( Hook. ) KDHill & LASJohnson: Occurrence in the center and in the north of Queensland.
- Corymbia clandestina ( ARBean ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia clarksoniana ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia clavigera ( A.Cunn. Ex Schauer) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia cliftoniana ( W.Fitzg. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia collina ( W.Fitzg. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia confertiflora ( Kippist ex F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia dallachiana ( Benth. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia dendromerinx K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia deserticola ( SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia dichromophloia ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia disjuncta K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia dunlopiana K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia ellipsoidea ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia eremaea ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia erythrophloia ( Blakely ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia eximia ( Schauer) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia ferriticola ( Brooker & Edgecombe ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia ferruginea ( Schauer) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia ficifolia ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia flavescens K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia foelscheana ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia gilbertensis ( Maiden & Blakely ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia grandifolia ( R.Br. ex Benth. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia greeniana ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia gummifera ( Gaertn. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia Haematoxylon ( Maiden) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia hamersleyana ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia hendersonii K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia henryi ( STBlake ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia hylandii ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia intermedia ( F.Muell. RTBaker ex ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia jacobsiana ( Blakely ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia kombolgiensis ( Brooker & Dunlop ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia lamprophylla ( Brooker & ARBean ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia latifolia ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia leichhardtii ( FMBailey ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia lenziana ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia leptoloma ( Brooker & ARBean ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia hooligans K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia maculata ( Hook. ) KDHill & LASJohnson: occurrence on the coasts of New South Wales and southeastern Queensland.
- Corymbia nesophila ( Blakely ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia novoguinensis ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia oocarpa ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia × opacula LASJohnson: Occurrence in Central Australia
- Corymbia pachycarpa K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia papillosa K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia papuana ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia paractia K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia pauciseta K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia × pedimontana L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia peltata ( Benth. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia petalophylla ( Brooker & ARBean ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia plena K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia pocillum ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia polycarpa ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia polysciada ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia porrecta ( STBlake ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia ptychocarpa ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson: deposits in Western Australia.
- Corymbia punkapitiensis K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia rhodops ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia scabrida ( Brooker & ARBean ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia serendipita ( Brooker & Kleinig ) A.R.Bean
- Corymbia setosa ( Schauer) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia sphaerica K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia Stockeri ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia terminalis ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia tessellaris ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia torelliana ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia torta K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson
- Corymbia trachyphloia ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia umbonata ( DJCarr & SGMCarr ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia watsoniana ( F.Muell. ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia xanthope ( ARBean & Brooker ) KDHill & LASJohnson
- Corymbia zygophylla ( Blakely ) KDHill & LASJohnson
Use
Some Corymbia species are used as ornamental plants. Examples are: Corymbia aparrerinja, Corymbia calophylla, Corymbia citriodora (This tall tree is known for the beauty of its white or light gray trunk; immediately the strong lemon smell of the leaves recognizable), Corymbia ficifolia, Corymbia maculata ( He has a bark with strange, irregular round patches that can take various colors, from beige to blue -gray to orange, pink or red), Corymbia ptychocarpa and Corymbia torelliana. From some species there are varieties.
The wood of some Corymbia species, which is considered very hard, is processed in industry and handicraft:
- Spotted Gum ( Corymbia citriodora, Corymbia maculata Corymbia henryi and ): Your heartwood is light to dark reddish brown and has a specific gravity of about 1010 kg / m³. It is used as construction and furniture wood and is used for example in shipbuilding and the manufacture of tool handles, railway sleepers and flooring.
- Red Bloodwood ( Corymbia gummifera, Corymbia intermedia and Corymbia polycarpa ): The color of the heartwood varies from dusky pink on deep red to reddish brown and its specific weight is about 1010 kg / m³. It is used for example for the production of beams, railway sleepers hardboard and fences
- Carbeen ( Corymbia tessellaris ): Your heartwood is medium to dark brown and has a specific gravity of about 1040 kg / m³. It is used as construction and furniture wood and is used for example in wagon construction and the manufacture of railroad ties, flooring, cladding and fencing.