Cotoneaster horizontalis
Cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster horizontalis )
The cotoneaster, in Austria and Switzerland fan Steinmispel ( Cotoneaster horizontalis ) is a mostly 50 inches tall shrub with bright red fruits from the group of pome fruit crops ( Pyrinae ). The natural range of the species is in China, Taiwan and Nepal, Europe, Australia and North America, she was naturalized. It is very often used as an ornamental plant.
Description
The cotoneaster is a deciduous or evergreen, usually 50 inches and up to 1 meter high, low lying shrub with ascending to horizontally spreading branches. The branches are feathered arranged, black-brown, terete, initially striegel hairy and glabrous later. The leaves are arranged in two rows. The petiole is hairy 1 to 3 millimeters long and fluffy. The stipules are brown, subulate or lanceolate, 2-4 mm long and covered with fine hair. The leaf blade is simple, broadly elliptical or roundish, rarely obovate, 6-14 mm long and 4-9 mm wide, usually pointed and wedge base. The upper leaf surface is glossy dark green, glabrous, with more or less sunken veins; the underside is lighter, striegel hairy with prominent midvein.
The flowers grow singly or in pairs sitting or on short stalks and have diameter of 5 to 7 mm. The flower cup is bell-shaped and hairy externally sparse. The sepals are triangular, pointed, 1 to 1.5 mm long and 1-2 mm wide. The petals are erect, pink, reddish or whitish, 3-4 mm long and 2-3 mm wide, with a blunt tip and just nailed basis. The approximately 12 stamens are shorter than the petals. The tip of the ovary is covered with fine hair. The two most rare three detached style shorter than the stamens. The bright red, round or elliptical fruits have a diameter of 3 rare usually 5 to 7 millimeters. The fruit usually two three nuclei are formed rare. The cotoneaster flowers in May and June, the fruits ripen from September to October.
Occurrence and habitat requirements
The natural range is located in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang, Taiwan and Nepal. In Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Washington in the United States and southwestern Canada, she was naturalized. The cotoneaster grows in cool moist forests and shrub land in 1500-3500 meters above sea level on dry to fresh, mildly acidic to strongly alkaline, sandy, sandy- loamy or - rich, low nutrient-rich soils in full sun to light shade locations. The species is usually frost hardy.
System
The cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster horizontalis ) is a species of the genus Zwergmispeln ( Cotoneaster ). It is assigned in the rose family ( Rosaceae ) of the subfamily Spiraeoideae, Tribe Pyreae the subtribes of pome fruit crops ( Pyrinae ). The species was described in 1879 by Joseph Decaisne first time scientifically. The genus name Cotoneaster is derived from the Latin " malum cotoneum " for the quince ( Cydonia oblonga ). The ending " aster " is a Vergröberungsform for groups of plants that are considered in comparison with similar groups as inferior. The specific epithet horizontalis also comes from Latin and means " horizontal ", referring to the prostrate growth of the Art
There are two varieties:
- Cotoneaster horizontalis var horizontalis with 6 to 14 millimeters long leaf blade. The fruits are round, have diameters of 5-7 mm and usually three rarely two nuclei. The variety grows in 2000 to 3500 meters above sea level.
- Cotoneaster horizontalis var perpusillus CK Schneider of 6 to 8 mm long leaf blade. The fruits are elliptic, 5-6 mm in length and diameter of 3 to 4 millimeters, and most often three two cores. The variety grows in 1500 to 2500 meters above sea level.
Use
The cotoneaster is widely used because of their remarkable fruit and striking autumn color as ornamental tree. It also serves as bee pasture.