Croton (plant)

Croton eluteria

Croton is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae ( Euphorbiaceae ). It is mainly distributed in the tropics and has about 1300 species.

  • 6.1 Single References

Description

The genus is very rich in form. There is both herbaceous plants and shrubs, and trees. All types carry a white or colored milky juice. A characteristic feature is the existence of a more or less dense pubescence of star - or scale-like hairs. The leaf margin and venation of the simple leaves may be very different diverse. Always, however, at the base of the leaf blade, the leaves have at least two glands.

There are monoecious ( monoecious ) and dioecious ( dioecious ) getrenntgeschlechtige species. The flowers are always unisexual. The flowers are arranged in terminal or axillary paniculate inflorescences, the female flowers are at the base of the panicles, the male in the upper part. Rarely the flowers in the middle part are also mixed. The male flowers are in pairs to third on small bracts. The perianth consists of five fused at the base of sepals and petals. Stamens are at least five, but most species are on the large number of their stamens, of which often 100 or more are available. Also in the female flowers, the five sepals are fused at the base. Petals absent in most species. Typical of Croton species are repeatedly dichotomously branched stylus.

Are formed dreifächrige capsule fruits.

Dissemination

The approximately 1300 species of the genus are native to the tropics worldwide. A few species are also found in temperate regions; Examples include the North American species Croton alabamensis in the U.S. states of Alabama, Tennessee and Texas, as well as Croton californicus in California, Arizona and Mexico's Baja California.

System

With about 1300 species, the genus Croton is one of the most species-rich in the plant kingdom.

Structure

The genus is divided into the following sections and subsections:

  • Section Adenophyllum Griseb.
  • Section Anadenocroton G.L.Webster
  • Section Andrichnia Baill.
  • Section Anisophyllum Baill.
  • Section Argyrocroton ( Müll. Arg ) G.L.Webster
  • Section Argyroglossum Baill.
  • Section Astraea ( Klotzsch ) Baill.
  • Section Astraeopsis Baill.
  • Section Barhamia ( Klotzsch ) Baill.
  • Section Cascarilla Griseb.
  • Section Cleodora ( Klotzsch ) Baill.
  • Section Codonocalyx Klotzsch ex Baill.
  • Section Corylocroton G.L.Webster
  • Section Croton
  • Section Crotonopsis ( Michx. ) G.L.Webster
  • Section Cyclo stigma Griseb. Under section Cyclo stigma ( Griseb. ) waste. Arg
  • Under section Sampatik G.L.Webster
  • Under section Palanostigma Mart. Ex Baill.
  • Under section Cuneati G.L.Webster
  • Under section Matourenses G.L.Webster

Species

The following list of about 1,300 recognized species are in alphabetical order without regard to the section membership, which in addition to the botanical author abbreviation is indicated by the publication year of publication of the first description:

  • . Croton abaitensis Baill, Adansonia 4: 337 (1864 ).
  • Croton abeggii Urb. & Ekman, Ark. Bot 20A (15): 54 ( 1926).
  • Croton aberrans Müll.Arg. auct in C.F.P.von & Martius. suc. (eds. ), Fl. Bras. 11 (2): 232 ( 1873).
  • . Croton abruptus MCJohnst, Rhodora 62: 79 ( 1960).
  • Croton abutilifolius Croizat, Darwiniana 6: 448 (1944).
  • Croton abutiloides Kunth in Humboldt FWHvon, AJABonpland & CSKunth, November gene. Sp 2: 86 (1817 ).
  • Croton abutilopsis GLWebster, Novon 2: 271 (1992).
  • Croton acapulcensis MJMartinez Gordillo & J.Jiménez Ram. , Anal Inst Biol Univ. Nac. Auton. México, Bot 60: 40 (1990).
  • Croton aceroides Radcl. -Sm, Kew Bull 45:. 555 ( 1990).
  • Croton ackermannianus ( Müll.Arg. ) GLWebster, Novon 2: 271 (1992).
  • Croton acradenius Pax & K.Hoffm. , Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 41: 224 (1937 ).
  • . Croton acronychioides F.Muell, Fragm 4: 142 (1864 ).
  • Croton acuminatissimus ( Pittier ) GLWebster, Novon 2: 271 (1992).
  • Croton acunae Borhidi, Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 48 (1977).
  • Croton acutifolius eater, Thai Forest Bull, Bot 29: 51 ( 2001).
  • Croton adabolavensis Leandri, Ann. Inst Bot - Géol. Colon. Marseille, V, 7 (1 ): 34 ( 1939).
  • Croton adamantinus Müll.Arg. auct in C.F.P.von & Martius. suc. (eds. ), Fl. Bras. 11 (2): 115 (1873).
  • . Croton adenocalyx Baill, Adansonia 4: 344 (1864 ).
  • Croton adenodontus ( Müll.Arg. ) Müll.Arg. auct in C.F.P.von & Martius. suc. (eds. ), Fl. Bras. 11 (2): 267 (1873).
  • . Croton adenophorus Baill, Adansonia 1: 153 (1861 ).
  • Croton adenophyllus Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 869 (1826 ).
  • Croton adipatus Kunth in Humboldt FWHvon, AJABonpland & CSKunth, November gene. Sp 2: 68 (1817 ).
  • Croton adspersus Benth, Pl Hartw: .. 51 (1840 ).
  • Croton aequatoris Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 88 ( 1940).
  • . Croton agoensis Baill, Adansonia 4: 348 (1864 ).
  • . Croton agrarius Baill, Adansonia 4: 319 (1864 ).
  • Croton agrestis ( Pax & K.Hoffm. ) Radcl. -Sm. & Govaerts, Kew Bull 52: 184 (1997).
  • Croton agrophilus Müll.Arg. auct in C.F.P.von & Martius. suc. (eds. ), Fl. Bras. 11 (2): 175 (1873).
  • Croton alabamensis E.A.Sm. ex Chapm. , Fl. South. U.S., Suppl: 648 (1883 ). Croton alabamensis var alabamensis.
  • Croton alabamensis var texensis Ginzbarg, Sida 15: 42 (1992).
  • Croton billbergianus subsp. billbergianus.
  • Croton billbergianus subsp. pyramidalis ( Donn.Sm. ) G.L.Webster, Ann. Missouri Bot Gard. 75: 1123 (1988).
  • Croton borhidii subsp. baracoensis Borhidi & O.Muñiz, Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 51 (1977).
  • Croton borhidii subsp. borhidii.
  • Croton brevispicatus var bocquillonii ( Baill. ) Leandri, Ann. Inst Bot - Géol. Colon. Marseille, V, 7 (1 ): 27 ( 1939).
  • Croton brevispicatus var brevispicatus.
  • Croton capitatus var capitatus.
  • Croton capitatus var lindheimeri ( Engelm. & A. Gray ) Müll.Arg. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15 (2): 687 ( 1866).
  • Croton erythrostachys var erythrostachys.
  • Croton erythrostachys var muriculatus Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr. , Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Pl Sci. 92: 366 (1983).
  • Croton gratissimus var gratissimus.
  • Croton gratissimus var subgratissimus ( Prain ) Burtt Davy, Fl. Pl Ferns Transvaal: 301 ( 1932).
  • Croton guatemalensis Lotsy, Bot Gaz. 20: 353 ( 1895).
  • Croton guerelae Leandri, Adansonia, ns, 9: 507 ( 1970).
  • Croton guianensis Aubl. , Hist. Pl Guiane 2: 882 (1775 ).
  • Croton guildingii Griseb. , Fl. Brit. W. I.: 38 (1859 ).
  • Croton gynopetalus Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 183 (1945 ).
  • Croton habrophyllus Airy Shaw, Kew Bull 31: 386 ( 1976).
  • . Croton hadrianii Baill, Adansonia 4: 313 (1864 ).
  • Croton haitiensis P.T.Li, Guihaia 14: 131 (1994).
  • Croton hancei Benth., Fl. Hongk. 308 ( 1861). Croton hancei var hancei.
  • Croton hancei var tsoi HSKiu, Guihaia 23: 98 ( 2003).
  • Croton lapiazicola var lapiazicolus.
  • Croton lapiazicola var longibracteatus Leandri, Ann. Inst Bot - Géol. Colon. Marseille, V, 7 (1 ): 42 ( 1939).
  • Croton leuconeurus subsp. leuconeurus.
  • Croton leuconeurus subsp. mossambicensis Radcl. -Sm, Kew Bull 45:. 557 (1990).
  • Croton lindheimerianus var lindheimerianus.
  • Croton lindheimerianus var tharpii MCJohnst, SW Naturalist 3:. 188 (1959).
  • Croton longipedicellatus subsp. austrotanzanicus Radcl. Sm, Kew Bull 37. 422 ( 1982).
  • Croton longipedicellatus var brevipedicellatus Radcl. -Sm, Kew Bull 45:. 557 (1990).
  • Croton longipedicellatus var glabrescens Radcl. -Sm, Kew Bull 51:. 304 ( 1996).
  • Croton longipedicellatus subsp. longipedicellatus.
  • Croton mazapensis var mazapensis.
  • Croton mazapensis var obtusifolius ( Müll.Arg. ) GLWebster, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 365 (2001).
  • Croton mazapensis pacificus var GLWebster, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 365 (2001).
  • Croton morifolius var morifolius.
  • Croton morifolius var sphaerocarpus ( Kunth ) Müll.Arg, Linnaea 34:. 125 (1865 ).
  • Croton multicaulis subsp. multicaulis.
  • Croton multicaulis subsp. velutinus PIForst, Austrobaileya 6. 397 ( 2003).
  • Croton polytrichus subsp. brachystachyus Radcl. -Sm, Kew Bull 45:. 560 (1990).
  • Croton polytrichus subsp. polytrichus.
  • Croton pottsii var pottsii.
  • Croton pottsii var thermophilus ( MCJohnst. ) MCJohnst, SW Naturalist 5:. 171 ( 1960).
  • Croton pullei var glabrior Lanj. , Recueil Trav. Bot Neerl. 36: 698 ( 1939).
  • Croton pullei var pullei.
  • Croton regelianus var matosii Radcl. -Sm, Kew Bull 49:. 150 (1994).
  • Croton regelianus var regelianus.
  • Croton scouleri var brevifolius ( Andersson ) Müll.Arg. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15 (2): 605 ​​(1866 ).
  • Croton scouleri var darwinii GLWebster, Madroño 20: 259 (1970).
  • Croton scouleri var grandifolius Müll.Arg. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15 (2): 605 ​​(1866 ).
  • Croton scouleri var scouleri.
  • Croton socotranus var pachyclados ( Radcl. -Sm ). Radcl. Sm, Kew Bull 44. 449 (1989).
  • Croton socotranus var socotranus.

Synonyms

There are a number of synonyms for the genus Croton:

  • Agelandra Engl & Pax
  • Angel Andra Endl.
  • Anisophyllum Boivin ex Baill.
  • Argyra Noronha ex Baill.
  • Argyrodendron ( Endl. ) Klotzsch ( non. F.Muell. )
  • Astraea Klotzsch
  • Astrogyne Benth.
  • Aubertia Chapel. ex Baill.
  • Barhamia Klotzsch
  • Brachystachys Klotzsch
  • Calypteriopetalon Hassk.
  • Cascarilla Adans.
  • Centrandra H.Karst.
  • Cieca Adans.
  • Cleodora Klotzsch
  • Codonocalyx Klotzsch ex Baill.
  • Comatocroton H.Karst.
  • Crotonanthus Klotzsch ex Schltdl.
  • Crotonopsis Michx.
  • Cyclo stigma Klotzsch
  • Eluteria Steud.
  • Engelmannia Klotzsch
  • Eremocarpus Benth.
  • Eutrophia Klotzsch
  • Friesia Spreng.
  • Furcaria Boivin ex Baill.
  • Geiseleria Klotzsch
  • Gynamblosis Torr.
  • Hendecandras Eschsch.
  • Heterochlamys Turcz.
  • Heterocroton S.Moore
  • Julocroton Mart.
  • Klotzschiphytum Baill.
  • Lasiogyne Klotzsch
  • Leucadenia Klotzsch ex Baill.
  • Macrocroton Klotzsch
  • Medea Klotzsch
  • Monguia Chapel. ex Baill.
  • Myriogomphus Didr.
  • Ocalia Klotzsch
  • Oxydectes Kuntze
  • Palanostigma Mart. ex Klotzsch
  • Pilinophyton Klotzsch
  • Piscaria Piper
  • Podostachys Klotzsch
  • Saipania Hosok.
  • Schradera Willd.
  • Tiglium Klotzsch
  • Timandra Klotzsch
  • Tridesmis Lour.

Pictures

Croton guatemalensis.

Croton hancei.

Croton laevigatus.

Rosids Adolf Engler Henri Ernest Baillon Johann Friedrich Klotzsch George Bentham Otto Kuntze
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