Cynoglossum

Common Hound's Tongue ( Cynoglossum officinale ), illustration

The dog tongue ( Cynoglossum ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae ( Boraginaceae ).

Description

There are usually two years or perennial, rarely annual, herbaceous plants. The change-constant leaves are simple and entire margins; they are usually stalked.

Most in terminal zymösen inflorescences, usually without bracts, there are many flowers together. The hermaphrodite flowers are usually fünfzählig and radial symmetry. The calyx is divided to or almost to the bottom and increases after flowering time. The petals are fused into a cylindrical to funnel-shaped tube and has a wheel-shaped hem. The corolla tube is closed by five pharyngeal scales. Stamens and style are included in the corolla tube. It's just a circle with usually five fertile stamens present ( tetracyclic flower). The stamens are in or above the center. The two carpels form the superior ovaries; it is divided by false septa in four Klausen. Pollination is mainly by hoverflies.

As fruit four seeded Klausen are usually formed, which are nutty developed. The partial fruits are oval to circular, convex on the dorsal side, flat or slightly concave, partly equipped with bead and barbed.

Types and distribution

Worldwide, the genus 75, mainly widespread in the tropics and subtropics species. In Europe, eleven in Germany and two species occur:

  • German Hound's Tongue ( Cynoglossum anglicum Jacq. )
  • Common Hound's Tongue ( Cynoglossum officinale L.)

Other types (selection):

  • Cynoglossum Amabile Stapf & J. R. Drumm. Homeland is China and Bhutan, but naturalized it also happens in North and South America, Africa, New Zealand and Hawaii
  • Cynoglossum australe R.Br.
  • Cynoglossum borbonicum ( Lam.) Bory: The home is Reunion.
  • Cynoglossum boreale Fernald
  • Cynoglossum castellanum Pau
  • Goldlackblättrige Hound's Tongue ( Cynoglossum cheirifolium L.): home is southern Europe and North Africa.
  • Cynoglossum clandestinum Desf. The home is Spain, Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Libya.
  • Cynoglossum columnae Ten:. The home is Italy, Sicily, the Balkans, the Aegean Sea and Turkey.
  • Cretan Hound's Tongue ( Cynoglossum creticum million )
  • Cynoglossum dioscoridis Vill. The home is Spain, France, Italy, Morocco and Algeria.
  • Cynoglossum formosanum Nakai: The home is Taiwan and Japan.
  • Cynoglossum furcatum Wall. ex Roxb. , the homeland is Asia.
  • Cynoglossum gansuense YLLiu: The home is China ( Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Sichuan ) at altitudes 1600-2900 meters.
  • Cynoglossum geometricum Baker & C. H. Wright ( Syn: Cynoglossum coeruleum Hochst ex A. DC subsp geometricum ( Baker & CH Wright) S. Edwards. .. ): The home is Africa.
  • Cynoglossum grande Douglas ex clay. The home is Canada and the United States.
  • Cynoglossum Hungaricum Simonkai: The home is East and Southeast Europe and Turkey.
  • Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk. The home is Africa and Asia.
  • Cynoglossum macrocalycinum Riedl: The home is China ( Xinjiang ).
  • Cynoglossum magellense Ten:. The home is Italy.
  • Cynoglossum microglochin Benth.
  • Cynoglossum montanum L.
  • Cynoglossum nebrodense cast. The home is Sicily.
  • Cynoglossum nervosum Benth. ex C.B. Clarke: The home is India and Pakistan.
  • Cynoglossum occidentale A. Gray
  • Cynoglossum rotatum Velen.
  • Cynoglossum schlagintweitii (fire ) Kazmi: It is used in India and China ( Xizang ) before at altitudes 2500-4000 meters.
  • Cynoglossum sphacioticum Boiss. & Heldr. The home is Crete.
  • Cynoglossum triste Diels: The home is China (Sichuan, Yunnan ) at altitudes 2500-3100 meters.
  • Cynoglossum virginianum L.: The home is Canada and the United States.
  • Cynoglossum viridiflorum Pallas ex Lehmann: The home is Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and China ( Xinjiang ).
  • Cynoglossum wallichii G. Don (incl. the variety var glochidiatum ( wall. ex Benth ) Kazmi; Syn. Cynoglossum glochidiatum Wall ex Benth.. ): The home of the species is Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and China.
  • Cynoglossum zeylanicum ( Vahl ) Brand: The home is India and Sri Lanka.

The following species are now placed in other genera:

  • Cynoglossum L. apenninum => Solenanthus apenninus (L.) fish. & C. A. Mey.

Pictures

Common Hound's Tongue ( Cynoglossum officinale L.):

Habit

Inflorescence

Inflorescence

Detail of inflorescence

Detail of inflorescence

Unripe fruits

Cretan Hound's Tongue ( Cynoglossum creticum million ):

Flowers

Fruits

Goldlackblättrige Hound's Tongue ( Cynoglossum cheirifolium L.):

Flower

Asterids Family (biology) Perennial plant Ovary (botany) Tom Tutin Flora Europaea Agricultural Research Service
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