Dacrycarpus cinctus
Dacrycarpus cinctus is a coniferous tree from the kind of warts yew ( Dacrycarpus ) in the family of Podocarpus plants ( Podocarpaceae ). The natural range is located on islands times Parisiens, where it grows in alpine rain forests to timberline. It is listed in the IUCN Red List as not at risk. The wood is used along with the other stone Yews.
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Features
Dacrycarpus cinctus grows as dioecious, evergreen shrub or rarely 25 to 30 to 33 meter high tree. The stem is erect and can reach a diameter at breast height of up to 1 meter. The Stammborke is gray or black gray dark brown and weather influence. She peels off in small sheets or strips and then releases the underlying reddish brown bark. The branches are twisted and spread and carry a large number of densely leafy branches. The canopy of mature trees is open, flat dome-shaped to more or less flat.
Branches and needles
The leafy branches grow upright or spread. The leaves are needle -shaped and flattened more or less on both sides. The needles are spirally arranged on young plants sometimes double row. The needles of seedlings are thin and resemble hair. On young plants, they are only slightly projecting, curved inwards, keeled on the bottom, 2 to 6, and rarely up to 10 mm long and 0.4 to 0.8 millimeters wide. They have a curved, bespitztes end. Full-grown shrubs and trees have shorter, only 2-4 millimeters long needles that protrude at an angle of 45 degrees from the branch. You are decurrent, bent inward, apiculate and often dyed Glauk. Both sides form needle stomata, however, occur on the bottom only near the base. On the needle top it up in two or more rows almost to the top.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones grow singly at the end of short or long shoots against needle-shaped leaves. They are initially almost spherical, but later extended and fully grown 8 to 10 mm long and 2-3 mm wide. The Mikrosporophylle have a bespitztes end, are about 1.5 millimeters long and 0.6 millimeters wide and each carry two protruding pollen sacs.
The seed cones grow singly at the end of short shoots, on which grow protruding, 2 to 3 millimeters long, curved, needle-like leaves. Podocarpium and the seeds are enclosed by sheets are 6-11 mm longer. The mature Podocarpium is 3 to 4 millimeters long, warty and colored red or purple. The Podocarpium usually two seeds are only one, rarely formed. The ripe seeds are 4-6 mm long, together with the rounded, smooth, light or dark reddish-brown, sometimes glauken Epimatium and end in a curved tip.
Distribution and ecology
The natural range of Dacrycarpus cinctus is on Borneo in the Malaysian state of Sarawak, on Sulawesi, Seram, the second largest island of the Moluccas, and New Guinea. They are found in the montane rain forest at a height of 1800 meters up in alpine locations in dominated by shrubs and ferns areas in New Guinea, up to an altitude of 3600 meters. In Sulawesi they are also found at lower elevations from 900 meters. In the high mountain forest Dacrycarpus cinctus grows as a large tree and is used alone or with members of the genus appearances Book ( Nothofagus ) and Elaeocarpus, Papuacedrus papuana and in New Guinea with coniferous trees of the genus Podocarpus ( Podocarpus ) belonged Art At altitudes above 3000 meters are trees from the families Cunoniaceae and the myrtle family ( Myrtaceae ) frequently Dacrycarpus cinctus grows in this area in small groups in marshy and peaty grassland with tree ferns of the genus Cyathea. In New Guinea it is replaced by steupii Dacrycarpus in heavily swampy areas. At higher altitudes up to the tree line, the species grows shrub-like and is also replaced by Dacrycarpus compactus. In the transition region are similar both types very, what could be caused by hybridization, but there are no studies to. The distribution area can probably be attributed to the hardiness zones 9 and 10, with average annual minimum temperatures between -6.6 to 4.4 degrees Celsius ( 20-40 degrees Fahrenheit).
Threats and conservation
Dacrycarpus cinctus was ( "Least Concern" ) classified by the IUCN Red List as not endangered in 2010. The distribution area is very large and parts of the plants are often collected in New Guinea and Sulawesi in regularly for herbaria. Even if the stocks are declining due to the felling of trees and deforestation, the distribution area of the species is too large and too often to derive a risk of it. In addition, there are stocks in several protected areas.
Systematics and etymology
Dacrycarpus cinctus is a species in the genus of yew warts ( Dacrycarpus ), the family of the stone Yews ( Podocarpaceae ) is counted. It was first described in 1938 by Robert Knud Friedrich pilgrims in Botanical yearbooks for systematics, plant history and geography of plants as Podocarpus cinctus ( basionym ), and thus the genus Podocarpus ( Podocarpus ) attributed. David John de Laubenfels they presented in 1969 as Dacrycarpus cinctus in the newly established species Dacrycarpus. Other synonyms are Bracteocarpus cinctus ( Pilg. ) AVBobrov & Melikyan, Bracteocarpus dacrydiifolius ( Wasscher ) AVBobrov & Melikyan, Dacrycarpus dacrydiifolius ( Wasscher ) Gaussen and Podocarpus dacrydiifolius Wasscher.
The genus name comes from the Greek Dacrycarpus, dakryon means " tear" and karpos stands for " fruit". The specific epithet cinctus comes from the Latin word meaning " enclosed " or " enclosed ". It thus refers to the leaves surrounded by seed cones.
Use
The wood of Dacrycarpus cinctus has a high quality and trees are cut down to use the wood. However, the holm oak plants a distinction is not between the different cases representatives. The use is similar to Dacrycarpus imbricatus. In Sarawak and on Sulawesi, the wood is traditionally used for the construction of long huts.