Dalbergia

Dalbergia floribunda

The Dalbergia, Germanized also called Dalbergien or Palisanderhölzer, are a genus in the subfamily of the Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). The 100 to 300 species are widespread in the Neotropics and tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and Asia.

Description

Dalbergia species are woody plants that grow as small to medium sized trees, shrubs or lianas. The alternate arranged leaves are pinnate. The leaflets are at the Blattrhachis usually alternate, rarely arranged on opposite sides.

There shall be a terminal or pendant zymöse or eared inflorescences. The bracts are small. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth. The sepals are fused into a bell-shaped calyx, with different calyx teeth. The petals have the typical structure of the Fabaceae. There are nine to ten stamens that are fused with each other differently, yet.

The thin, flat legumes contain one to four seeds. The seeds are kidney-shaped.

Ecology

As diasporas are not used for opening legumes, which are spread by the wind.

The leaves of some species of Dalbergia are the caterpillars of a few butterflies as food; the type Bucculatrix mendax eats only leaves the type Dalbergia sissoo.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Dalbergia was erected in 1781 by Carolus Linnaeus the Younger in Supplementum Plantarum, pp. 52-53, 316-317. Type species is Dalbergia L. f lanceolaria Dalbergia L. f nom cons. was according to the rules of the ICN ( ICN Melbourne Art 14.4 & App. III ) against Amerimnon P.Browne nom. rej. , Ecastaphyllum P.Browne nom. rej. and Acouba Aubl. nom. rej. Other synonyms are Coroya Pierre, Triptolemea Mart. , Miscolobium bird.

The genus Dalbergia belongs to the tribe Dalbergieae in the subfamily of the Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ).

The genus Dalbergia is represented in the tropics and subtropics almost worldwide. Species occur in Central and South America, Africa before with Madagascar and South Asia. In China, there are about 29 species, 14 of which only there.

Depending on the author, the genus Dalbergia contains 100 to 120 or up to 300 species. Here is a selection of species (fully as of 2005):

Dalbergia abbreviata Craib
Dalbergia abrahamii Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia acariiantha Harms
Dalbergia acuta Benth.
Dalbergia acutifoliolata Mendonca & Sousa
Dalbergia adami Berhaut
Dalbergia afzeliana G.Don
Dalbergia agudeloi J.Linares & M.Sousa
Dalbergia ajudana Harms
Dalbergia alata Roxb.
Dalbergia albertisii Prain
Dalbergia albiflora Hutch. & Dalziel
Dalbergia altissima Pittier
Dalbergia altissima Baker f
Dalbergia amazonica ( Radlk. ) Ducke
Dalbergia amorphoides Spreng.
Dalbergia andapensis Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia arbutifolia Baker
Dalbergia armata E.Mey.
Dalbergia assamica Benth. Sikkim from Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam to China spread.
Dalbergia aurea Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia bakeri Baker
Dalbergia balansae Prain
Dalbergia bariensis Pierre
Dalbergia baronii Baker: The home is the eastern Madagascar.
Dalbergia bathiei R.Vig.
Dalbergia beccarii Prain
Dalbergia beddomei Thoth.
Dalbergia benthamii Prain
Dalbergia bignonae Berhaut Come Vietnam, Taiwan and the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Hainan ago.
Dalbergia bintuluensis Sunarno & Ohashi
Dalbergia boehmii Taub.
Dalbergia bojeri Drake
Dalbergia boniana Gagnep.
Dalbergia borneensis Prain
Dalbergia brachystachya Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia bracteolata Baker (syn.: Dalbergia richardii Baill, Dalbergia grandidieri Baill. . )
Dalbergia brasiliensis bird
Dalbergia brownei ( Jacq. ) Urb.
Dalbergia burmanica Prain: Occurs only in Myanmar and the Chinese provinces of Guizhou and Yunnan.
Dalbergia calderonii Standlschmaus.
Dalbergia calycina Benth.
Dalbergia Cambodiana Pierre
Dalbergia campenonii Drake
Dalbergia cana short
Dalbergia candenatensis ( Dennst. ) Prain ( syn. Cassia candenatensis Dennst, Dalbergia monosperma Dalzell. . ): In Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines widespread.
Dalbergia canescens ( Elmer) Merr.
Dalbergia capuronii Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia carringtoniana Sousa
Dalbergia catingicola Harms
Dalbergia caudata G.Don
King wood or violet wood ( Dalbergia cearensis Ducke )
Dalbergia chapelieri Baill. ( Syn: Dalbergia pterocarpiflora Baker)
Dalbergia chlorocarpa R.Vig.
Dalbergia chontalensis Standlschmaus. & L.O.Williams
Dalbergia clarkei Thoth.
Dalbergia cochinchinenis Laness.
Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre
Dalbergia commiphoroides Baker f
Dalbergia confertiflora Benth.
Dalbergia congensis Baker f
Dalbergia congesta Wight & Arn.
Dalbergia congestiflora Pittier
Dalbergia coromandeliana Prain
Dalbergia crispa Hepper
Dalbergia cubilquitzensis ( Donn.Sm. ) Pittier
Dalbergia cucullata Pittier
Dalbergia cuiabensis Benth.
Dalbergia cultrata Benth. Occurs in Yunnan ( Simao ), Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam.
Dalbergia cumingiana Benth.
Dalbergia curtisii Prain
Dalbergia cuscatlanica ( Standl. ) Standlschmaus.
Dalbergia dalzielii Hutch. & Dalziel
Dalbergia darienensis Rudd
Dalbergia davidii Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia debilis J.F.Macbr.
Bahia Rosewood ( Dalbergia decipularis Rizzini & A.Mattos )
Dalbergia delphinensis Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia densa Benth.
Dalbergia densiflora ( Benth. ) Benth.
Dalbergia discolor flower
Dalbergia dongnaiensis Pierre
Dalbergia duarensis Thoth.
Dalbergia duperreana Pierre
Dalbergia dyeriana Harms: Thrives at altitudes from 700 to 1500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
Dalbergia ealaensis De Wild.
Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. ( Syn: ecastaphyllum Hedysarum L.)
Dalbergia elegans A.M.Carvalho
Dalbergia emirnensis Benth.
Dalbergia enneaphylla Pittier
Dalbergia entadoides Prain
Dalbergia eremicola Polhill
Dalbergia errans Craib
Dalbergia erubescens Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia falcata Prain
Dalbergia fischeri Taub.
Dalbergia floribunda Craib
Dalbergia florifera De Wild.
Dalbergia foliolosa Benth.
Dalbergia foliosa ( Benth. ) A.M.Carvalho
Dalbergia forbesii Prain
Dalbergia fouilloyana Pellegr.
Dalbergia frutescens ( Vell. ) Britton ( Syn: Dalbergia variabilis bird, Pterocarpus frutescens Vell. )
Dalbergia funera Standlschmaus.
Dalbergia fusca Pierre
Dalbergia gardneriana Benth.
Dalbergia gentilii De Wild.
Dalbergia gilbertii Cronquist
Dalbergia glaberrima Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia glabra (Mill.) Standlschmaus.
Dalbergia glandulosa Benth.
Dalbergia glaucescens ( Benth. ) Benth. ( Syn: . Miscolobium glaucescens Mart ex Benth. )
Dalbergia glaucifolia De Wild.
Dalbergia glaucocarpa Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia glaziovii Harms
Dalbergia glomerata Hemsl.
Dalbergia godefroyi Prain
Dalbergia gossweileri Baker f
Dalbergia gracilis Benth.
Dalbergia granadillo Pittier
Dalbergia grandibracteata De Wild.
Dalbergia grandistipula A.M.Carvalho
Madagascar rosewood ( Dalbergia greveana Baill. )
Dalbergia guttembergii A.M.Carvalho
Dalbergia hainanensis Merr. & Chun: Thrives in sparse to dense forests or mountain slopes at altitudes 0-700 meters only in Hainan.
Dalbergia hancei Benth. Thrives at altitudes from 200 to 1500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Zhejiang.
Dalbergia havilandii Prain
Dalbergia henryana Prain: Thrives in high altitude 700-1300 meters only in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou and southeastern Yunnan.
Dalbergia heudelotii Stapf
Dalbergia hiemalis Malme
Dalbergia hildebrandtii Vatke ( Syn: Dalbergia boivinii Baill. )
Dalbergia hirticalyx Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia horrida ( Dennst. ) Mabb. ( Syn: Amerimnon horridum Dennst, Dalbergia sympathetica Nimmo. )
Dalbergia hortensis Heringer & al.
Dalbergia hoseana Prain
Dalbergia hostilis Benth.
Dalbergia hullettii Prain
Dalbergia humbertii R.Vig.
Dalbergia hupeana Hance: At altitudes 800-1400 meters widely used in China.
Dalbergia intermedia A.M.Carvalho
Dalbergia intibucana Standlschmaus. & L.O.Williams
Dalbergia inundata Benth.
Dalbergia iquitosensis Harms
Dalbergia jaheri Burck ex Prain
Dalbergia jaherii Burck
Dalbergia jingxiensis SYLiu: This endemic species occurs only in Guangxi only in Jingxi.
Dalbergia junghuhnii Benth.
Dalbergia kerrii Craib
Dalbergia kingiana Prain: This endemic species grows on mountain slopes at an altitude of about 1300 meters only in Yunnan only in Simao.
Dalbergia kisantuensis De Wild. & T.Durand
Dalbergia kostermansii Sunarno & Ohashi
Dalbergia kunstleri Prain
Dalbergia kurzii Prain
Dalbergia lacei Thoth.
Dalbergia lactea Vatke
Dalbergia lakhonensis Gagnep.
Lanceolaria Dalbergia L. f ( Syn: Amerimnon lanceolarium ( L. f ) Kuntze ): Native to India, is used as an ornamental plant. The wood is not as good as in many other species of this genus. The medical effects have been investigated.
Dalbergia lastoursvillensis Pellegr.
Dalbergia lateriflora Benth.
Indian rosewood ( Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. ): It is native to India, Nepal and Sikkim. The wood is processed into Funieren and furniture. The leaves are used as fodder.
Dalbergia laxiflora Micheli
Dalbergia lemurica Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia librevillensis Pellegr.
Dalbergia longepedunculata J.Linares & M.Sousa
Dalbergia louisii Cronquist
Dalbergia louvelii R.Vig.
Dalbergia luteola J.Linares & M.Sousa
Dalbergia macrosperma Baker
Dalbergia madagascariensis Vatke
Dalbergia malabarica Prain
Dalbergia malangensis Sousa
Dalbergia mammosa Pierre
Dalbergia marcaniana Craib
Dalbergia maritima R.Vig.
Dalbergia martinii F.White
Dalbergia mayumbensis Baker f
Dalbergia mearnsi De Wild.
Dalbergia melanocardium Pittier
Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr.
Dalbergia menoeides Prain
Dalbergia mexicana Pittier
Dalbergia microphylla Chiov.
Dalbergia millettii Benth. Thrives at altitudes of 300 to 800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Shaanxi, and Zhejiang.
Dalbergia mimosella ( Blanco ) Prain
Dalbergia mimosoides Franch. Widely used in high altitude 800-2000 meters in China.
Dalbergia miscolobium Benth. ( Syn: Dalbergia violacea ( bird) Malme, Miscolobium violaceum bird)
Dalbergia modesta J.Linares & M.Sousa
Dalbergia mollis Bosser & R.Rabev.
Monetaria Dalbergia L. f
Dalbergia monophylla G.A.Black
Dalbergia monticola Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia multijuga E.Mey.
Dalbergia negrensis ( Radlk. ) Ducke
Dalbergia neoperrieri Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia ngounyensis Pellegr.
Brazilian rosewood or rosewood ( Dalbergia nigra ( Vell. ) Allemão ex Benth. )
Dalbergia nitidula Baker
Dalbergia noldeae Harms
Dalbergia normandii Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia oblongifolia G.Don
Dalbergia obovata E.Mey.
Dalbergia obtusifolia ( Baker) Prain: Thrives in high altitude 800-1300 meters only in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou and southern Yunnan.
Dalbergia odorifera TCChen: Thrives at altitudes of 100 to 500 meters only in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Hainan and Zhejiang.
Dalbergia oligophylla Hutch. & Dalziel
Dalbergia oliveri Prain
Dalbergia orientalis Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia ovata Benth.
Dalbergia pachycarpa ( De Wild. & T.Durand ) De Wild.
Dalbergia palo escrito - Rzed.
Dalbergia parviflora Roxb.
Dalbergia paucifoliolata Lundell
Dalbergia peguensis Thoth.
Dalbergia peishaensis Chun & T.Chen: Thrives in dense forests only in Hainan.
Dalbergia peltieri Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia pervillei Vatke ( Syn: Dalbergia densicoma Baill, Dalbergia obtusa Lecomte, Dalbergia microcarpa R.Vig. . )
Dalbergia pierreana Prain
Dalbergia pinnata ( Lour. ) Prain ( Syn: Amerimnon pinnatum Lour, Dalbergia tamarindifolia Roxb. . ): Occurs in China, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, Java and the Philippines.
Dalbergia pluriflora Baker f
Dalbergia polyadelpha Prain: Occurs in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and northern Vietnam.
Dalbergia polyphylla Benth.
Dalbergia prainii Thoth.
Dalbergia pseudo- ovata Thoth.
Dalbergia sissoo pseudo- Miq.
Dalbergia pseudobaronii R.Vig.
Dalbergia purpurascens Baill.
Dalbergia reniformis Roxb.
Dalbergia reticulata Merr.
Dalbergia retusa Hemsl. - The trade name Cocobolo
Dalbergia revoluta Ducke
Dalbergia rhachiflexa J.Linares & M.Sousa
Dalbergia richardsii Sunarno & Ohashi
Dalbergia riedelii ( Benth. ) Sandwith
Dalbergia rimosa Roxb. It comes in Yunnan, in the north-eastern India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.
Dalbergia riparia ( Mart. ) Benth.
Dalbergia rostrata Hassk.
Dalbergia rubiginosa Roxb.
Dalbergia ruddiae J.Linares & M.Sousa
Dalbergia rufa G.Don
Dalbergia rugosa Hepper
Dalbergia sacerdotum Prain
Dalbergia salva naturae J.Linares & M.Sousa
Dalbergia sambesiaca Schinz
Dalbergia sandakanensis Sunarno & Ohashi
Dalbergia saxatilis Hook. f
Dalbergia scortechinii ( Prain ) Prain
Dalbergia sericea G.Don ( Syn: Dalbergia hircina Buch.-Ham ex Benth, Dalbergia stenocarpa short. . ): She comes in southeastern Xizang ( Zayü ), northeastern India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal and northern Vietnam before.
Dalbergia setifera Hutch. & Dalziel
Dalbergia simpsonii Rudd
Dalbergia sissoo Sheesham, Shisham, PalisanderWight & Arn.
Dalbergia latifolia DC:. Indian rosewood, native to India, for example, is also grown in Indonesia.
Dalbergia spinosa Roxb.
Dalbergia spruceana (Amazon Rosewood ( Benth. ) Benth. ): Distribution in the Amazon region of Brazil.
Dalbergia stenophylla Prain: It occurs in Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan and Vietnam.
Dalbergia stercoracea Prain
Honduras rosewood ( Dalbergia stevensonii Standlschmaus. ): Distribution in Guatemala and Honduras.
Dalbergia stipulacea Roxb. ( Syn: Dalbergia ferruginea Roxb. ): It occurs in Yunnan, Cambodia, northeastern India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.
Dalbergia suaresensis Baill. ( Syn: Dalbergia bernieri Baill. )
Dalbergia subcymosa Ducke
Dalbergia succirubra Gagnep. & Craib
Dalbergia teijsmannii Sunarno & Ohashi
Dalbergia teixeirae Sousa
Dalbergia Wight & Arn tephrosioides.
Dalbergia thomsonii Benth.
Dalbergia thorelii Gagnep.
Dalbergia tilarana N.Zamora
Dalbergia tinnevelliensis Thoth.
Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain: It occurs only in Hainan and northern Vietnam.
Dalbergia travancorica Thoth.
Dalbergia trichocarpa Baker (syn.: Dalbergia boinensis Jumelle, Dalbergia perrieri Drake )
Dalbergia tricolor Drake
Dalbergia tsaratananensis Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia tsiandalana R.Vig.
Dalbergia tsoi Merr. & Chun: It grows in dense forests at altitudes 100-900 meters only in Hainan.
Coral rosewood ( Dalbergia tucurensis Donn.Sm. ): It occurs in Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico.
Dalbergia uarandensis ( Chiov. ) Thulin
Dalbergia urschii Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia vacciniifolia Vatke
Dalbergia velutina Benth.
Dalbergia verrucosa Craib
Dalbergia viguieri Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia villosa ( Benth. ) Benth.
Dalbergia volubilis Roxb. It occurs in the southwestern Yunnan, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
Dalbergia wattii C.B.Clarke
Dalbergia xerophila Bosser & R.Rabev.
Dalbergia ximengensis YYQian: This endemic species thrives in forests at altitudes of about 1200 meters only in Yunnan only in Ximeng.
Dalbergia yunnanensis Franch. It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan and Myanmar.

The following species are currently not assigned to this genus:

Dalbergia delavayi Franch. Became a Cladrastis delavayi ( Franch. ) Prain
Dalbergia domingensis Turpin ex Pers. Became Lonchocarpus sericeus ( Poir. ) Kunth ex DC.
Dalbergia heptaphylla Poir. Became a Lonchocarpus heptaphyllus ( Poir. ) DC.
Dalbergia nelsii Schinz now Philenoptera Is nelsii ( Schinz ) Schrire
Dalbergia oojeinensis Roxb. Desmodium Is now oojeinense ( Roxb. ) H.Ohashi
Dalbergia pentaphylla Poir. Became a Lonchocarpus heptaphyllus ( Poir. ) DC.
Dalbergia robusta Roxb. ex DC. Became a Derris robusta ( Roxb. ex DC. ) Benth.
Dalbergia rotundifolia Sond. Became a Pterocarpus rotundifolius subsp. rotundifolius
Dalbergia scandens Roxb. Derris Is now scandens ( Roxb. ) Benth.
Dalbergia timoriensis DC:. Derris Is now scandens ( Roxb. ) Benth.

Use

The wood of many species of the genus is a sought-after precious wood. Most of these woods are called Rosewood, due to the aromatic fragrance of a well " Rosewood" ( Dalbergia decipularis ), another " kingwood " / Kingwood ( Dalbergia cearensis ).

The wood of the Brazilian Palisdander or Rio rosewood ( Dalbergia nigra), is highly sought after; it is by overexploitation now so rare that it is performed on the CITES list. ( Dalbergia latifolia ) delivers the coveted East Indian rosewood. Dalbergia retusa from Central America provides a versatile wood with the trade name cocobolo.

Swell

Dezhao Chen, Zhang & Dianxiang Kai Larsen: Dalbergieae: Dalbergia, pp. 121 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 10 - Fabaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 (Sections Description and systematics)
Syed Ali Irtifaq: Flora of West Pakistan, Volume 100 - Papilionaceae, Stewart Herbarium, Rawalpindi in 1977 Dalbergia - online from Tropicos.org. of the Missouri Botanical Garden. ( Description section )

Rosids Rachis Middle America (region) Tulipwood Agricultural Research Service

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