Danube Vilayet
The Vilayet Tuna ( Turkish Tuna vilâyeti, German " Donau- province " rarely " Danubien " ) was created in 1864 as part of the Tanzimat reforms, or by the administrative law (1864 ) from the merger of the Ottoman United Provinces Silistrien, Nis and Vidin and existed until 1878. the broad, yet Ottoman strip of land south of the Danube ranged from Serbia Niš ( Nish ) and over the shallow northern Bulgaria to Dobruja and the Danube Delta. The first curator, Wali, was Midhat Pasha, who carried out extensive reforms in the coming years.
In the Middle Ages there was the Byzantine Empire an administrative district of the same name: Paris Trion - "Land of the Danube".
Limits and characteristics
The Tuna Vilayet therefore included the present-day southeastern Serbia and northern Bulgaria ( north of the Balkan Mountains and south of the Danube ) and the 1878 Romanian Norddobrudscha. The Tuna Vilayet was often inaccurate vilayet Bulgaria called because the Bulgarians provided the majority of the population. Administrative center of the vilayets was Russian ( Ottoman Rusçuk ), the most important Ottoman fortress on the Danube and then flourishing town in northeastern Bulgaria.
The vilayet was rebuilt after the French model, and should after the performance of the Sublime Porte to act as a model province for provincial reorganization. The vilayet was divided the administrative tasks of a department according to several Sanjak, which in turn took on the task of the French arrondissement. At the top of the vilayets of Wali stood in place of the previous Beglerbegs. The Sanjak were led by a Mutasarrif, instead of the previous Sandschakbegs. The advisory sofa was abolished and a Board used in its place both vilayets, as well as on Sandschakebene, the next Muslim dignitaries also three non-Muslim religious communities ( Armenians, Greek Orthodox and Jews ) belonged. Thus, the non-Muslim population should be included.
Over the next three years Midhat Pasha led large-scale reforms in the vilayet. They closed a road and bridge construction, the establishment of credit institutions, trade schools, and a Danube cruise sailing shaft, the order of the tax system and the police budget, the establishment of a postal service and local government. By increasing the repartee of the military and police organizations could increase public safety and to escape the operating underground Bulgarian liberation movement for a long time the ground. In his reign falls well as the construction and opening in 1866 of the railway line Varna - Ruse.
The formation of the vilayet Tuna and the reforms undertaken were the disaffected Bulgarian population, which provided the majority, but not appease, as it was not represented in the new management system. Because with the Greek Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople marked the Opel should represent them, they fought for an independent Bulgarian church (see Bulgarian - Greek church struggle ). This did not change with the establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate in 1870, which was nominally subordinate to the Patriarch of Constantinople Opel. At the local level there were some places Bulgarian municipal councils, mayors and parish councils.
Administrative divisions
- Sanjak Sofia Kaza ( court district, rural district ) Sofia
- Kaza Köstendil
- Kaza Dupnice ( Dubenice )
- Kaza Radomir ( Dadumira )
- Kaza İzladi
- Kaza Orhaniye
- Kaza Samokov
- Kaza Niš
- Kaza Leskofça
- Kaza Şehirköy
- Kaza Urgup
- Kaza Vidin
- Kaza Berkofça
- Kaza Lom
- Kaza Belgratçık
- Kaza Rahova
- Kaza Ivraca
- Kaza Adliye
- Kaza Tirnova
- Kaza Trojan
- Kaza LOFCA
- Kaza Osmanpazarı
- Kaza Servi
- Kaza Gabrova
- Kaza Rusçuk
- Kaza Şumnu
- Kaza Silistre
- Kaza Hezargrad
- Kaza Niğbolu
- Kaza Ziştovi
- Kaza Plevne
- Kaza Eski Cuma ( Cuma -i Atik )
- Kaza Toutrakan
- Kaza Yenipazar
- Kaza Varna
- Kaza Pravadi
- Kaza Balçık
- Kaza Pazarcık ( Hacıoğlu Pazarcık )
- Kaza Mankalya
- Kaza Kozluca
- Kaza Tulca
- Kaza Babadağı
- Kaza mecidiye
- Kaza Sülne ( Süne )
- Kaza İshakçı ( İshakça )
- Kaza Macin
- Kaza Hırsova
- Kaza Köstence