Dinicu Golescu

Dinicu Golescu, actually Constantin Radovici Golescu, (born 7 February 1777 in Golesti; † October 5, 1830 in Bucharest ) was an enlightened Romanian boyar, politicians Wallachia, literary and cultural reformer, known for his travel writing and its culture and travel journalism.

Origin and family

Constantin came from an old munte African Bojarenfamile. His great-grandfather Radu had tried at the beginning of the 18th century to bring the Principality away from dependence on the sofa in Constantinople Opel and the most Phanariot princes and under Austrian rule. After the failure of the plan, however, only Romanian -born princes were sometimes appointed.

The son of the great Bans Wallachia Radu Golescu and Boyarina Zoe ( Zoita ) married Florescu 1804, the Greek Zoe Farfara ( 1792-1879 ). This marriage produced five children: Ana (1805-1878), Ştefan (1809-1874) and Nicolae (1810-1877), later the Romanian Prime Minister, as well as the revolutionary leader of 1848 Radu ( 1814-1882 ) and Alexandru ( 1818-1873 ). The four sons played an important role in Romanian politics.

Biography

The young Golescu got together with his older brother Gheorghe ( Iordache ) a sophisticated education at the Greek Academy in Bucharest. Here, both of these contacts with glowing Greek patriots from the principalities, was where raved about the liberation from the Ottoman rule (1797 ). They indulged in the thought of the Enlightenment and Josephine early liberalism.

While the Romanian uprising against the Turks, led by Alexander Ypsilanti, a grandson of the same Wallachian princes and Tudor Vladimirescu Golescu be operated as a mediator between the Greek and Romanian elite and the insurgent peasantry. However, the intrigue of Tsar Alexander I and the betrayal of Eterie to Vladimirescu could fail the uprising. Dinicu was forced to flee with his brother to the then Habsburg Kronstadt ( Brasov ). After Prince Grigore Ghica was in 1822 appointed ruler, the Kronstadt group protested loudly spoken and written. The request of the prince, he refused, but he went in February 1823 to Russia, where he participated in the planning for the occupation of Wallachia.

Together with Iordache, he participated in the establishment of a secret literary society in Brasov and in 1825 he was taken during a trip through Europe in a Swiss Masonic Lodge. After Bucharest returned after the gate had allowed him that, Golescu began in the same year in a Bucharest Loge participate.

Impressed by the elementary school system in Switzerland, he founded in 1826 on his estate in Golesti a school where young people could learn at his own expense, regardless of social class, and he edited together with Heliade the " Curierul românesc ", a magazine mitaufklärerischen orientation.

In 1827 he founded together with ion - Heliade Rădulescu the " Soţietatea literara Românească " ( " Romanian Society of Literature " ), in whose program the conversion of " Sfântul Sava " in a university was proposed as well as the opening of another such institution in Craiova and the establishment of schools in almost all villages of Wallachia. In addition, the company tried to promote Edition rumänischsprachiger newspapers and called for an end to the state monopoly on printing presses. The group benefited from Golescus experience abroad, then was joined by two future prince Gheorghe Barbu Dimitrie Bibescu and Ştirbei the organization whose character was based on the principles of Freemasonry. The head office was in his villa on Podul Mogosoaiei in Bucharest. In the same year he was " Fama Lipschii " out, the first magazine in Romanian language, published monthly and was printed in Leipzig, also found an extensive correspondence with Professor Friedrich Thiersch from Munich.

End of 1828, he managed to get Russian financial support for the publication of the " Curierul Românesc ", the first journal in Romanian in the Romanian principalities, It first appeared on 8 Apriljul. / April 20 1829greg. and was launched 20 years. This journal has made a decisive contribution to the final distribution of public literary culture in Romania.

In the midst of his creative urge and in anticipation of the Russian invasion with great hope, he was carried off by cholera.

Literary creation

In addition to a world atlas in Romanian ( Vienna 1800) and his maps with all important details Wallachia (all circles with lines of demarcation, cities, lakes, rivers, harbors, villages with the mill sites, but also the names of the boyars, priests, families, foreigners, Jews, Armenians and Gypsies, etc. ), included his satires against Grigore Ghica, but especially his travel journal of his enterprises 1824-1826 among his most important works. The latter is the first printed in Romanian literature. This included are numerous critical comments on the state of social and cultural backwardness in Wallachia. He had begun his records in Romanian, but soon found himself embarrassed prompted, and indeed continue to write in Greek because of the imperfect state of the Romanian language. There was no grammars and textbooks, as are handed the vocabulary for non-fiction prose not yet any kind. Only in Bucharest he made then a Romanian version. This experience meant the initial spark for his later cultural reforms.

This book as well as his translation of the Greek Scolaren Neophytos Vamvas "Elements of Moral Philosophy " work was printed and published i9n Bucharest.

In terms of literary language Golescus work reflects the transition from the old to the modern Romanian literary language.

Works

• Însemnare a călătoriei mele, Constantin Radovici din Golesti, în anul făcută 1824, 1825, 1826, pressure from the University of Budapest, Budapest, 1826