Discography
Discography ( from Ancient Greek δίσκος "slice" and γράφειν " write ."; Thus recording discs; too discography ) is a compiled according to certain criteria chronological list of published sound recordings.
General
As the bibliography in the literature to the - much later arisen - Discographies systematically the published phonogram list (Single, LPs, EPs, CDs or DVDs) to give interested parties a complete overview. In this form they are an important part of the biography of an artist. Sorting features music, singers, musicians, bands, composers, record labels or a certain style of music can be. Scientific musikologisch oriented Discographies still include also other information such as the participating studios, recording data, the catalog number of the record company, the roll call list of the cast along with mock musical instrument, the template number, the takes used in the blend or the playing time in chronological order. It becomes difficult, although unreleased recordings, radio and private recordings or even bootlegs should be recorded. This calls for Gordon Stevenson in his essay, which also provides a historical overview of discographies. Persons who deal primarily with the creation of discographies, called Disco Count.
Swell
Primary sources of discography are the records of the recording studios or record labels. As secondary sources, the liner notes come into question. In the studio the entire cast in a recording protocol ( recording sheet ) is held. The recording protocol includes, in addition to recording dates the actual recording period (required to settle the studio costs ) and the naming of the persons involved and thus forms the essential basis for later discographies. This recording protocol is the basis for future musicological analyzes. The first discography appears in the liner notes that accompany the recordings. Create disk labels on their published repertoire recordings catalogs, discographies from which can be derived.
History
Especially in the U.S. and the UK include discographies to normalcy in the music industry. The first Discographies created in 1935 for the jazz of Charles Delaunay. His first discography released in March 1935 under the title " Discographie de Bix Trumbauer et ", was selective and was therefore lacking completeness. Delaunay's book first appeared in 1943 in the United States. At about the same time as the first French jazz discography appeared in New York 1936 " encyclopedia of recorded music ." In the second edition of the American edition of Delaunay's work the author wrote that has become a true science since 1936 discounted graphical research, would have dedicated specialists worldwide. Published periodically by the list under the name " Discography " was first published in England in 1942. D. Russell Connor demanded in his essay "What is Discography: Its Goal and Methods" in 1942 that the disco Duke has to also take into account electrical transcriptions, radio recordings, film scores, unreleased material, private recordings of concerts and other performances. The term discography is common worldwide in 1968, when the book " Bibliographies, Subject and National " by Robert L. Collison appeared. In a meeting of the Association for Recorded Sound Collections between the 17th and November 19th, 1971 Discography techniques were matched.
Published detailed discographies are joyful in Germany still a rarity. The former German Musikphonothek has brought out in 1964 a " German Discography ". This was continued from January, 1970 by the guidance given by the German Music Archive German Library discography. Since June 1973, there is a mandatory deposit of music scores and sound recordings of the German Music Archive. A team Rainer E. Lotz has been working since 1991 on finding private initiative, a German national discography. It is divided into the sectors cabaret, dance music, German vocal recordings / songs, voice recordings, ethnic recordings and Judaica. However, the compilation is limited to German 78rpm shellac records with rotations (ie, no LPs ) in the period between 1890 and 1960.
Standards of Discography
International form and content following scheme a discography has prevailed:
Joe Turner With Vann ' Piano Man ' Walls ' Orchestra Taft Jordan ( trumpet), Budd Johnson ( alto saxophone), Freddie Mitchell ( tenor saxophone), Arleem Kareem (baritone saxophone), Harry Van Walls ( piano ), Rector Bailey ( guitar), Leonard Gaskin ( bass), Connie Kay (drums), Joe Turner ( vocals) Atlantic Recording Studios, New York City, January 20, 1952 Matrices no. Title Label Catalogue 786 I'll Never Stop Loving You 960 Atlantic 786 - I'll Never Stop Loving You (alt. take) Atlantic LP 8033 787 Sweet Sixteen Atlantic 960, EP 536, LP 8005, LP 8081; Atco SD 33-376 788 J. T. Blues unpublished 789 Do not You Cry Atlantic 970, LP 8033 790 Poor Lover 's Blues unpublished Notes:
First, discography contains detailed information about the artist name followed by the name of the recording studio and the place and date of the recording session. The template number is the ordinal measure of a sound studio, under which the master (or parent ) band is registered that contains the End - mix a piece of music. It follows the title of the song and the catalog number under which the record label has released the title. From the example it can be seen that "Atlantic 960 " appears twice, it therefore concerns two titles, which must have been published on a single. The single Sweet Sixteen / I'll Never Stop Loving You actually appeared in March 1952, just two months after the recording session. Some titles have been published only on EP or LP, JT Blues and the Poor Lover 's Blues, however, have so far remained unpublished.
Tasks and objectives
Discographies largely fulfill the information needs of collectors and the interests of the music industry, of which they are a byproduct of the records and catalogs. Discographies organize the musicological data and record the sound recording production on as completely as possible. They can be created regardless of the style of music, so it does not matter whether it is a recording of Gustav Mahler's First Symphony by Eugene Ormandy & The Philadelphia Orchestra and the West End Blues by Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five. Discographies are an essential tool in the study of the development of popular music and jazz, and an important decision basis for the collector.
Discographies according to various criteria
With regard to the style of music discographies can be distinguished in book form:
- Opera Discographies example, there are of Dietrich Fischer -Dieskau or Karsten Steiger.
- In the blues, there is a classic compilation, which was 1971 to the period 1943 to 1970.
- Over 20 years of development of country music Tony Russell drew on.
- In jazz, numerous discounted graphical publications have appeared. Brian Rust was a famous British disco Graf, who has in particular the standard work Jazz Records 1897-1942 brought out with over 32,000 jazz recordings since 1961. In Germany, Joachim Ernst Berendt has made a name around the discography of jazz. A good discography also offers the Bielefeld catalog of Manfred Scheffner, which is also available free on the Internet.
- The recorded tracks can be sorted by artist. For example, there are numerous discographies about Johnny Cash with an extension via an index of all recording sessions from 1954 to 1993. Fred Waring 's discography lists all recordings of this dance orchestra.
- In the area of record labels the story of Okeh Records was painstakingly put together. One of the most stylish cross- disco Counts is Michael Ruppli who has submitted, among other Discographies on MGM Records and Mercury Records.
A variety of discographies is available on the Internet, such as on Muddy Waters, the British bandleader Jack Hylton or via the record label Sun Records and its artists.