Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park

The National Park Domogled - Valea Cernei (Romanian Parcul Naţional Domogled - Valea Cernei ) is located in the south-west of Romania and extends over an area of ​​61 211 hectares in the districts of Caras -Severin, Mehedinţi and Gorj. It includes the Valley of Cerna and the Cerna Mountains to the mountain massif Domogled, the Mehedinţi Mountains and the Godeanu Mountains. The National Park Domogled - Valea Cernei has existed since 1990 and was established in 2006 by the World Conservation Union IUCN protected area category II (National Park) recognized. Because of its great biodiversity all the area of the National Park Domogled - Valea Cernei in the protection of Natura 2000 program, which was established within the European Union according to the standards of the Fauna-Flora -Habitat Directive was added.

Description

The National Park Domogled - Valea Cernei extends over three circles, to the east of the circle Caras -Severin, on an area of ​​23,185 hectares, in the west of the circle Mehedinţi, 8,220 acres, and in the west of the district of Gorj, 29 806 hectares. The last foothills to the southwest of up to 1600 meters high Cerna Mountains is the Domogled with his two bare peaks of just over one thousand meters, between which extends an open high meadow. The mountain was well known for its exceptionally rich flora and rare insects at the end of the 18th century. The natural history collector Johann Centurius Count of Hoffmannsegg from Dresden discovered here in 1793 and 1794 a number of then-unknown plants and insects. The Domogled has since been visited by the most notable naturalists and collectors in Europe and is now mentioned in almost all botanical and zoological treatises on South Eastern Europe. Since the relatively flat plateau of the mountain was often grazed by flocks of sheep, the whole Domogledmassiv declared the Romanian Academy in Bucharest (900 hectares) in 1952 to the nature reserve. In 2006, he was declared by the IUCN National Park of international importance. The Domogled is located on the left bank of the Cerna and is characterized by steep slopes and rocky ridges. At the foot of the mountain Domogled springs the hot spring that feeds the bathing and health resort Herculane. Among the most important natural beauty, home to the National Park, including the Banat Sphinx and the Cerna waterfall. The national park is characterized mainly by the spectacular karst landscape, the largest of its kind in Romania.

The National Park Domogled - Valea Cernei is the only national park in the country, which includes a complete hydrographic basin, but not a single mountain range. The Cerna Valley is unique in that it - completely enclosed by mountain regions - separates two different mountain ranges. It is a typical longitudinal valley which the tectonic line between the Valcan and the Mehedinţi Mountains follows, on the one hand from Godeanu massif and on the other side of the Cerna Mountains limited. The valley is a huge gorge with undeveloped canyons represents the numerous endokarsten forms of the national park provide nationally and internationally exceptional scientific value dar.

The warm caves in the national park Domogled - Valea Cernei are unique in Romania and worldwide is of great rarity. The climate of the caves is tropical with an air temperature of 35-45 degrees Celsius, which has a unique fauna result.

  • The Adams Cave (Romanian Peştera lui Adam ) is used for scientific purposes. Thanks to the warm air that accumulates in the cave, here arises a tropical climate that is unique in Romania and is home to numerous colonies of bats and guano fauna. Another unique feature is the sponge-like stalactites, which are to be found here.
  • The steam grotto (Romanian Grota cu aburi ) is 14 feet long and comes with a Crevice hot, foul-smelling steam of up to 52-56 degrees Celsius, there is an underground bubbling noise to be heard. The hot sulfur vapors provide a certain moss species Philonotis schliephackei the appropriate habitat that has been put under protection.
  • The ion - Barzoni Cave (Romanian Peştera lui Ion Barzoni ) offers extensive scale deposits on the walls and stalactite formation of gypsum on the floor of the cave.

Flora

Auricula

Mountain pine

Blueberry

Ordinary red fescue

Tannenbärlapp

Trompetenflechte

Trollblume

Grass Iris

The vegetation of the National Park Domogled - Valea Cernei includes 1,110 species of plants. The floristic diversity of the Cerna Valley was described in the 18th century by foreign scholars and travelers. The travelogues of Francesco Griselini come from 1780. Kitaibel Paul discovered in 1880 the huge variety of plants of the Banat and carried out the first scientific naming of the vegetation of this area. Scientific work on the plant taxa of the Banat were published by Rochel (1828), Schuster ( 1829), Schwarzott (1831 ), Heuffel (1858 ), Árpád Degen ( 1901 ), August von Hayek ( 1912-1916 ).

Endangered and rare species:

  • Vicia truncatula
  • Tragopogon balcanicus
  • Cerastium banaticum
  • Lamium bithynicum

Endemic species:

  • Yellow Flax ( Linum uninerve )
  • Auricula (Primula auricula )
  • Hypericum rochelii
  • Dianthus giganteus

Pastures (1500-1800 m altitude):

  • Juniper (Juniperus sabina )
  • Alpine juniper (Juniperus communis nana )
  • Mountain pine ( Pinus montana)
  • Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)
  • Ordinary red fescue ( Festuca rubra)

Balkan and Mediterranean species:

  • Aristolochia pallida
  • Steppe fennel ( Seseli rigidum )

Protected species:

  • Butcher's broom ( Ruscus aculeatus )
  • Tannenbärlapp ( Huperzia selago )
  • Sprossender club moss ( Lycopodium annotinum )
  • Wicked White Moss ( Leucobryum glaucum )
  • Trompetenflechte ( Cladonia fimbriata )
  • Cladonia chlorophaea

Strictly protected species

  • Black sprouts ( Nigritella nigra)
  • Globe flower (Trollius europaeus)
  • Transylvanian Alpenrose (Rhododendron kotschyi )
  • Grass Iris (Iris graminea )
  • Crocus moesiacus

The vegetation zones of the National Park can be divided into:

Fauna

Blauracke

Dipper

Goldammer

Spring Frog

Fence lizard

European grayling

Barbel

The botanist and collector Johann Centurius Count of Hoffmannsegg explored in 1794 as the first fauna ( insects and birds) of the territory on which today is the National Park Domogled - Valea Cernei. The National Park is home to a rich variety of wildlife, including above all the insects of scientific importance.

1463 species of butterflies (Lepidoptera ) are located here, including some endemic species:

  • Lampronia aeripenella
  • Brevantenia banatica
  • Eupithecia domogledana
  • Melicta athalia mehadiensis

Among the vertebrates, especially the bird life has been scientifically researched, some of which are registered in the Red List of Threatened Species. :

  • Alpine Swift (Apus melba )
  • Roller (Coracias garrulus )
  • Dipper ( Cinclus cinclus )
  • Black-eared Wheatear ( Oenanthe hispanica)
  • Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella )

Reptiles are found in the Alpine and nemoral zone, such as the

  • European viper (Vipera ammodytes )
  • Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni )
  • Sand lizard ( Lacerta agilis )
  • Caucasian meadow lizard ( Lacerta praticola )
  • Eastern green lizard ( Lacerta viridisis )
  • Wall lizard ( Lacerta muralis )

Reptiles from the Red List of endangered species are:

  • European viper (Vipera ammodytes )
  • Aesculapian (Elaphe longissima )
  • Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni )
  • Dice snake (Natrix tessellate )
  • Adder (Vipera berus )

Amphibians

  • Alpine Newt (Triturus alpestris aplestris )
  • Yellow-bellied Toad (Bombina variegate )
  • Fire Salamander ( Salamandra salamandra )
  • Fire-bellied Toad (Bombina bombina )
  • Agile Frog (Rana dalmatina )

Of which in the Red List of Threatened Species:

  • Yellow-bellied Toad (Bombina variegate )
  • Fire-bellied Toad (Bombina bombina )
  • Agile Frog (Rana dalmatina )

Pisces

  • Brown trout ( Salmo trutta fario )
  • European grayling ( Thymallus thymallus )
  • Barbel ( Barbus barbus )

Of which in the Red List of Threatened Species:

  • European grayling ( Thymallus thymallus )

Mammals

  • Brown bear ( Ursus arctos)
  • Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx)

Bats live in the warm caves in the national park. The Adams Cave (Romanian Peştera lui Adam ) contains the largest Guanovorkommnisse all caves in Romania, partly up to 3 meters thick layers, originating from several species of bats, but mainly from the Mediterranean horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophus Euryale ).

Cerna River (Danube) Chine Carpathian Mountains Balkans Central Europe European Roller Podarcis muralis Fish Rodna National Park Retezat National Park Iron Gates Natural Park Apuseni Natural Park Mureş Floodplain Natural Park
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