Double-striped Pug
Rotgebänderter Pug ( Gymnoscelis rufifasciata )
The Rotgebänderte Pug ( Gymnoscelis rufifasciata ) is a butterfly (moth ) from the family of the tensioner ( Geometridae ). The reddish tie in the wing drawing is eponymous. She comes ( redhead ) from the Latin rufus and fascia (binding ).
- 6.1 Notes and references
- 6.2 Literature
Features
The moths reach a wingspan of 11-19 millimeters. The labial palps are gray with pale tips. Forehead, crown and Notum are pale gray. The fore wings are narrow, the Costa loader is straight and the apex is pointed. They have a grayish white ground color with a brownish hue, the transverse lines are usually slightly curved and dark brown. The color of the Basalfeldes ranges from a pale brownish gray to reddish brown. The outer and inner transverse line are angled sharply at the wing leading edge ( Costa). The midfield is between the inner transverse line and the center line of brownish-gray to brick- and often darker than the rest of the wing. The outer transverse line is thickened, usually two times slightly angled and fitted with blackish or reddish black bars on all veins and surrounded by two pale bands. The Saumfeld is brownish gray and often has a reddish or brick-red interior and a white ash-gray outer area. The wavy line is usually well trained and jagged several times. A Diskalpunkt does not exist. The hind wings are greyish white and wearing a pretty strong transverse lines, the outer transverse line is particularly well trained. This is angled in the middle, and provided with a series of black lines on the veins. The Saumfeld is often darker and has in some specimens a reddish hue. The wavy line is clearly trained and jagged several times. The Diskalpunkt is very small or regressed. The fringes are brownish gray and pale gray or whitish dots on the wire ends. The abdomen is pale gray to brownish gray and sometimes has a reddish hue. The second abdominal segment is usually darker, sometimes edged brick red and black. The rails of the rear pair of legs have a pair of spurs. The Rotgebänderte Pug is highly variable in terms of its size, the basic coloring and drawing.
The caterpillars reach a length of up to 17 millimeters and have a highly variable staining. It ranges from whitish to yellowish green, brown, red to purple. On the back is a pale band, which is drawn with a series of dark diamonds or triangles. The marking on the back is similar to a rear-facing trident is sometimes krähenfußähnlich and can be occasionally formed only weak. The head is yellowish brown.
Dissemination
The species occurs in the Palaearctic and is found from the Canary Islands and Madeira to north- western China. The focus of the distribution is located in the Mediterranean region, which is populated over the entire surface. The Rotgebänderte Pug is a heat- loving nature, dry locations with an average air temperature of eight to nine degrees Celsius and rainfall amounts of less than 700 millimeters per year preferred. He settled open deciduous mixed and coniferous forests, forest edges, hedgerows, scrubland, grassland, grasslands, bogs, heaths, dunes, Öd and fallow land, gardens, parks, farmland, warm and dry slopes, rocks and screes. The vertical distribution ranges from 0 to 1800 meters in the Apennines, the Alps, he rises to 2,400 meters. Bergmann refers to the type as an indicator species of clematis bush in gullies on warm arms of flat and hilly country.
Way of life
After a long courtship, the mating takes place. This takes unlike other Pug species only about one to two hours to complete and will take place in the first half of the night. The males die a short time later, the females begin the following night to lay eggs. The polyphagous caterpillars live on the flowers and seeds of a variety of herbaceous plants ( see below). Normally, the caterpillars live open at the flowers of the food plants, Dietze reported in the case of Digitalis purpurea, that the caterpillar fully developed inside the flower and the flower opening closes with active filaments. The caterpillars often live in society with other species such as tensioner Eupithecia haworthiana, Chloroclystis v -ata and Eupithecia pulchella.
The moths are nocturnal and shy and evening encountered in searching for nectar in flowers. Fruits and baits are also served. In Central Europe the species overwinters as a pupa. The development can occur very rapidly under warm or hot climatic conditions. The caterpillars then need only 14 days to pupation, the duration of the pupal period is about ten days.
List referred to in the literature caterpillars food plant:
- Maize (Zea mays)
- Citrus plants (Citrus )
- Olive tree ( Olea europaea)
- Barberry (Berberis vulgaris)
- Myrica faya
- Heather ( Calluna vulgaris)
- Tree heath (Erica arborea )
- Real -leaved heath (Erica tetralix )
- Western Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo )
- Willow ( Salix)
- Boxwood (Buxus )
- Ordinary Clematis (Clematis uitalba )
- Yellow tooth Trost ( Odontites luteus )
- Spring tooth Trost ( Odontides vernus )
- Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea)
- Large-flowered foxglove ( Digitalis grandiflora )
- Eyebright ( Euphrasia )
- Cow-wheat ( Melampyrum )
- Mullein ( Verbascum )
- Country Elke ( Dianthirs caryophyllus )
- Hairy sparrows tongue ( Thymelaea hirsuta )
- Persimmon ( Diospyros kaki )
- Chasteberry ( Vitex agnus castus )
- Bingel herb ( Mercurialis annua)
- Beans herb ( Satureja )
- Hyssopus
- Thyme (Thymus )
- Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis)
- Mentha sylvestris
- Cow Parsley ( Anthriscus sylvestris)
- Wild Angelica (Angelica sylvestris)
- Møre (Daucus carota)
- Suaeda vera
- Raspberry (Rubus idaeus )
- Monogyna hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)
- Midland hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata )
- Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia )
- Rose ( Rosa )
- Tamarisk ( Tamarix )
- Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas )
- Lycopersicon
- Fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium)
- European holly (Ilex aquifolium)
- Marsh gentian (Gentiana pneumonanthe )
- True medicinal valerian ( aleriana officinalis)
- Gorse ( Ulex europaeus)
- Genista corsica
- Faba bean (Vicia faba)
- Scotch broom ( Cytisus scoparius )
- Spiny broom ( Calicotome )
- Globularia alypum
- Cynara cardunculus
- Common agrimony ( Eupatorium cannabinurn )
- Common Goldenrod (Solidago uirgaurea )
- Holy herb ( Santolina )
- Yarrow (Achillea millefolium )
- Achillea ageratum
- Artemisia
- Squill ( Urginea maritima )
- Azores laurel (Laurus azorica )
- Achras sapota
- Dog Chamomile ( Anthemis )
- Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum )
- Dahlias (Dahlia )
- Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii )
- Daisies ( Leucanthemum )
- Vegetable sow thistle ( Sonchus oleraceus )
- Asphodel ( asphodel )
- Borage ( Borago officinalis)
- Rockrose (Cistus )
- Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica)
- Gladiolus ( Gladiolus )
- Gossypium barbadense
- Lavatera
- Sea daffodil ( Pancrafium maritimum )
- Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum )
- Pelargonium
- Miracle Tree ( Ricinus communis)
- Large snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus)
- Scrophularia sambucifolia
- Houseleeks (Sempervivum )
- Gloss grasses ( Phalaris )
- Sorghum millet ( sorghum)
- Cultivated apple (Malus domestica)
- Pyrus communis
- Pyrus bucharica
- Atraphaxis pyrifolia
Flight times and caterpillars
The Rotgebänderte Pug forms in Central Europe two generations, flying from mid-April to early June and from late June to late August. The larvae of the first generation to live by the end of April to mid-June, the. Second generation from early July to early October In southern regions the species is polyvoltin, that is, there are continuously new generations produced.
System
Synonyms
The Rotgebänderte Pug was treated in the literature under the following synonyms:
- Phalaena rufifasciata Haworth, 1809
- Geometra pumilata Hübner, 1813
- Eupithecia recictaria Boisduval, 1840
- Larentia improbata Lienig & Zeller, 1846
- Larentia tempestivata Zeller, 1847
- Eupithecia parvularia Herrich -Schäffer, 1848
- Eupithecia globulariata Millière, 1861
- Eupithecia incertata Millière, 1876
- Eupithecia bucovinata Hormuzaki, 1893
Molding
The forms given here have no taxonomic significance.
- F tenebrata Dietze. Darkened wings, Reduced Drawing
- F tempestivaria wing gray.
- F nigrostriata Dietze. Dark stripes on the center area limitation
- F nigrofasciata Dietze. Inner part of the midfield darkened.
- F postgenitata Dietze, 1910.