EISCAT
The European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association ( EISCAT short, German as' European association for research with incoherent scatter radar " ) is a non-profit international research organization for the conduct of research on the atmosphere using incoherent scatter radar. It operates appropriate research facilities, and makes them scientists for their research.
The still in the EISCAT program scientists working Lassi Päivärinta (IM Larsen ) was, according to research of RBB in the 1980s Information about EISCAT to the Stasi Thomas Runst ( " IM Rudolf" ), now a professor at the Friedrich -Schiller- University Jena further.
Structure
The organization has its formal seat in Kiruna, Sweden, and is supported by research organizations from many countries: the China Research Institute of Radio Wave Propagation ( CRIRP ), the Academy of Finland (SA), the German Research Foundation ( DFG), the National Institute of Polar research ( NIPR, Japan), the solar - Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University (STEL, Japan), Norwegian research Council ( NFR ), the Swedish Science Council ( VR, Sweden ) and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (SFC, United Kingdom). For organizations involved is a dependent of the equity interest held fixed quota of usage time for free. In addition, the paid acquisition of user time or upon request, the allocation of free usage period for a project submitted by an expert committee is possible. About Paid Use time scientists from countries like France, Russia or the Ukraine research of the equipment.
The line starts from a council, in which the individual member organizations appoint up to three members. This determines a director, who is responsible for the daily operation and implementation of the Council decisions.
History
The original proposal establishing the EISCAT came from France. After the prospects were unclear in the meantime, she was brokered by Granville Beynon back in 1975 finally established and the first rejection British Science Research Council (SRC ) support. While initially only the physical mechanisms behind the northern lights in view, were employed one after a few years of general with the interactions between the Sun and Earth and the nature and processes in the middle atmosphere. 1990-92 another radar station was planned on Svalbard and built in 1993 to 1998. She took in 1996 on the operation. In the same year Japan joined the EISCAT. 1999-2001, the existing facilities have been placed on the technical status of the new ESR. 2005 or 2007, the People's Republic of China joined. By the end of 2006, the French CNRS and the German Max Planck Society were involved. From 2005, a concept study for follow-up infrastructure ( " EISCAT_3D " ) was drafted to be built from 2015. The concept was adopted in 2008 by the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures as part of the " European Roadmap for Research Infrastructures ".
Facilities
It operates several research radars north of the Arctic Circle in Kiruna, in and around Tromsø in Sodankylä and in Longyearbyen on Spitsbergen. The purpose of the systems is to gain insights into interactions between the Sun and Earth, which are expressed in disturbances of the magnetosphere and the ionosphere, ie those processes that cause the auroras.
The most important investment this is a decimeter radar at the research station Ramfjordheide at Tromsø ( range: 69 ° 35 '11 "N, 19 ° 13' 34 " O69.58643319.226113 ). It can transmit on the frequencies 224 and 928.4 MHz with a peak power of up to 2 MW pulses to study the upper atmosphere. In addition, it still operates a VHF radar and a Ionosphärenheizer with a capacity of 1.2 megawatts ( ERP: 1,300 MW ) together with ionosonde at the research station ( location: 69 ° 35 '4 " N, 19 ° 13' 6" O69.58431919.218431 ).
The station on Spitsbergen is often abbreviated with ESR, which stands for EISCAT Svalbard Radar. It transmits on frequencies around 500 MHz.
Similar systems are available in the USA ( HAARP / Arecibo ) and Russia ( Sura ).