Ferenc Deák

Ferenc Deák [ fɛrɛnʦ dɛa ː k] ( born October 17, 1803 in Söjtör; † January 28, 1876 in Budapest) was a Hungarian politician, who led the 1867 settlement between Hungary and Austria in the way.

Life

Background and education

He was the sixth child of Ferenc Deák the Elder and Erzsébet Sibrik, who died at birth. According to customs of the time, the newborn was baptized on the same day at St. James Church in Söjtör. The father could not bear the sight of the child, the boy was brought up to 1808 by his uncle, József Deák, in Zalatárnok. 1808 died the father, the siblings took over the education of small Ferenc. Deak had five siblings, three of which - Antal, Jozefa and Klára - lived to adulthood.

The school he attended in Keszthely (1811 /12), Papa ( 1812/13 Royal lower secondary school of the Benedictine ) and Nagykanizsa ( 1813/17 Piaristengymnasium ).

In the fall of 1817 he enrolled at the Royal Academy of Sciences in Győr. 1817-1819 he studied at the Faculty of Philosophy, his teachers were Mór Czinár, Bonifac Maar and the Dean György Fejér. Ferenc Deák was friends with Ignácz Rohonczy, from which he later held distance because Rohonczy held a high position in the administration during the period of passive resistance. But his friendship with the politician János Zichy and the theologian Miklós Sárkány last long. His two-year law internship he completed in Pest. End of 1823 Deák got his law degree.

In his spare time, Ferenc Deák read a lot and studied the Hungarian legal and constitutional history. In the literature, he preferred the seal of Dániel Berzsenyi and Sándor Kisfaludy, but it was most like the works of Mihály Vörösmarty, with whom he corresponded and even to which he later also personal contact and friendship used. Even at his young age - he was not even thirty - he was suffering from heart disease, which he allowed to cure in Balatonfüred.

1839 elected him the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in their Member, 1855 he was its president.

Policy

Between 1824 and 1832 he held the post of honorary prosecutor in Zala county clerk was the orphanage committee. In 1833, he released his brother, Antal Deák, as envoy in the Hungarian parliament in Bratislava from, who recommended him in the following words: " I send you instead of me a young man in his little finger more knowledge is as in me whole. " In parliament he belonged to the opposition. He advocated for the rights of peasants, fought for the freedom of expression and freedom of religion and for the abolition of the death penalty. Deák welded together the liberal opposition to a party and became its leading orators. He was the ambassador of Zala county in the state legislature meetings of 1832/36 and 1839 / 40th In 1848 he became Minister of Justice in the first Hungarian government.

As the revolution was a struggle for freedom, he tried to mediate between the Hungarian government and the court of Vienna. Following unsuccessful negotiations, he retired to his estate in Kehidakustány. After the suppression of the freedom struggle, he announced the policy of passive resistance. In 1854 he sold the lands in Kehidakustány and moved to Pest. At the 1861 Reichstag convened in Pest he took as an envoy of downtown Pest part. His main supporters and followers were József Eötvös and István Széchenyi.

On April 15, 1865 was published in the newspaper " Pesti Napló " his famous article, which continued the negotiations on the 1867 settlement in transition. The compensation is considered Deak work, as he has much influence on him. Lajos Kossuth, the exiled politician, wrote an open letter to Ferenc Deák, in which he described the compensation as the decline of the Hungarian nation. This letter is known due to its contents as Kossuth's " Cassandra letter " in Hungarian history. The Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I was crowned as a result of compensation to the apostolic king of Hungary on June 8, 1867. The Prime Minister of the newly founded Hungarian government was Count Andrássy. Deák took over at his own request, either in the government or in the government party named after him a position.

In the years after the settlement, he played a significant role in the drafting of the Civil Code, but later he withdrew from public life always go back.

Ferenc Deák had an impact not only in Hungary but also in Europe. The liberal spirit of his laws had great impact on European legislation. The Irish Constitution of 1937 is based on the text of the law in 1867 by Ferenc Deák.

On January 28, 1876, he died in the plague of heart disease. In a state funeral he was buried by the National Assembly, his mausoleum is located in the cemetery at the Fiumei út ( Kerepesi temető ) in Budapest.

He is still to be seen on the 20,000 records note the Hungarian forint. The by him and about him telling anecdotes are known even today. But he also said, "Many anecdotes are attributed to me, but I'm doing with those as well as with the Buda bitter water that Ferenc Deák water means that it belongs neither to me, nor do I live with it. "

Work

• Contributions to the Hungarian state law, 1865