Flora Danica

Flora Danica (Latin for " Danish flora " ) is the name of a begun by Georg Christian Oeder botanical panel plant. Based on this, was until 1802 the same porcelain service from Royal Copenhagen.

  • 4.1 for panel work
  • 4.2 Back to the porcelain

Prehistory

Already in 1648 a book of that name had been published. The botanist 's personal physician and Christian IV Simon Pauli had described on the orders of his king in the manner of a herbarium domestic in Denmark medicinal herbs and medically effective plant.

Tafelwerk

As a product of the Enlightenment should be 100 years later, an encyclopaedic botanical atlas now the entire flora of the Danish state in the 18th century, ie the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway ( with Iceland ), the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, as well as the counties of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, on tablets show in folio format.

Genesis

The project was in 1753 by Georg Christian Oeder, the Royal Professor and Director of the Botanical Gardens in Copenhagen, started. 1761 appeared the first issue, as well as advertising literature in three versions (Danish, German and Latin) with a sample pressure of Table 1, which showed the cloudberry (Rubus L. chamaemorus ). The choice of this plant showed that it was the publisher and his royal backers at the output of the panel work also to the economic and medical usefulness of the plants shown.

Up to Oeders transfer to Oldenburg in 1771 published ten books with a total of 600 panels that of the Nuremberg engraver Michael Roessler ( 1705-1777 ) and his son Martin ( 1727-1782 ) was designed as a draftsman. Both settled for this purpose in 1755 up to the end of their lives to Copenhagen, where Michael was court engraver. Her illustrations are not only the best in the Flora Danica, but also as a scale factor in the history of botany. Later illustrators were Christian F. Mueller (1748-1814), the brother of the publisher Otto Friedrich Müller, for books 12-21, and Johann Theodor Bayer ( 1782-1873 ), who created about 1500 engravings for books 22-46.

Oeder wrote 1764-1766 a two-volume Introduction: Elementa Botanicae. In 1769 he published a name key ( Nomenclator ), which offered a crosslinking with the Linnaean system in addition to the common names in French, English, German, Swedish and Danish. The proposed comment further volumes were never completed, however.

After Oeders departure Otto Friedrich Müller was entrusted with the publication of the work. Among the later editors included Martin Vahl and Jens Wilken Hornemann. Overall, there were six publishers under five successive Danish kings.

The panel work was not completed until 112 years after the publication of the first issue in 1883. The full edition includes 51 fascicles and three annex books in 18 volumes. It contains a total of 366 pages of text and 3,240 engravings.

Expenditure

The work was published by the 15th band (1861 ) in three parallel outputs: Danish, German and Latin, the volumes 16 and 17 appeared only in Danish and Latin. Each volume contains three fascicles with 60 boards. The fascicles were delivered to the purchaser unbound; he could compose himself according to his needs: a systematic ( each booklet contained lower to higher plants) or geographically .. The work could be obtained in two variants: with a simple uncoloured boards or in which the engravings were hand-colored. There are several earlier books reprints.

  • Pictures of plants growing wild in the kingdoms Dännemark and Norway, in the Duchies Schleßwig and Holstein, and in the counties of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst: to explain the under the title FLORA DANICA at Royal. Command organized the work of these plants
  • Icones Plantarum Sponte nascentium In Regnis Daniæ et Norvegiae, In Ducatibus Slesvici Holsatiæ Et, Et In Oldenburgi Et Delmenhorstiæ: Ad illustrandum opus de iisdem Plantis, Regio jussu exarandum, FLORAE Danicæ Nomine Inscriptum
  • Aftegninger paa de Planter, som voxe vildt i Danmark og Norge Kongerigerne, i Hertugdommene Slesvig og Holsteen, og i Grevskaberne Oldenborg Delmenhorst og det til at oplyse under Title Flora Danica paa Kongelig Befaling foranstaltede Verk over disse Planter Volume I, 1st - 3rd Booklet, table 1-180. Edited by Georg Christian Oeder. 1761-1766
  • Volume II - III, 4th - 9th Booklet, table 181-540. Edited by Georg Christian Oeder. 1766-70
  • Volume IV -V, 10 - 15th Booklet, table 541-900. Edited by Otto Friedrich Müller. 1771-82
  • Volume VI -VII, 16th - 21st Booklet, table 901-1260. Edited by Martin Vahl. - 1792-99
  • Volume VIII -XIII, 22 - 39th Booklet, table 1261-2340. Edited by Jens Wilken Hornemann. 1810-40
  • Volume XIV, Issue 40-42, 2341-2520 Table. Edited by Frederik Michael Liebmann. 1845-1853
  • Volume XV, Issue 43-45, 2521-2700 Table. Edited by F. M. Liebmann and Johan Martin Christian Lange. 1861
  • Volume XVI, XVII, No. 46-51, 1701-3060 Table. Edited by John Lange. - 1871-83
  • Supplement Volume: Issue 1-3, Table 1-180. Edited by F. M. Liebmann and John Lange. 1874

With the territorial changes of the kingdom and the scientific collection area of ​​each newly published volumes varied.

Related:

  • . Programma de opere flora danica dicta / message from the output of a work Flora Danica called with a sample plate of the plant: Rubus chamaemorus. Copenhagen: Philibert 1761
  • Elementa Botanicae. / Introduction to the herbal knowledge. 2 partial volumes in one band. Copenhagen: Philibert 1764-66. With 14 copperplates
  • Nomenclator botanicus for the use of the bey Flora Danica. Copenhagen: Heineck and Faber, 1769
  • Enumeratio plantarum florae danicae. / Directory for Flora Danica associated, in the kingdoms Dännemark and Norway, in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, and wild in the counties of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst herbs. Copenhagen 1770

New editions of the Nomenclator and indices published in 1827 (JW Hornemann ) and 1887 (John Lange)

Porcelain

1790 ordered the Danish Crown Prince and later King Frederick VI. a dining service with the motives of the Flora Danica at the Royal Copenhagen Porcelain Manufactory. The service should be a gift for the Russian Empress Catherine the Great. However, her death in 1796 prevented the delivery. Friedrich received the service end of 1802; it was used for his birthday banquet on January 29, 1803 for the first time. The production of the service was for those working as a porcelain painter artist as a native of Nuremberg painter Johann Christoffer Bayer (1738-1812) and his son Johan Theodor (1782-1873) life's work. Of the original 1802 parts have been preserved about 1500, most of which are still used at state dinners in Christiansborg Palace. Parts are exhibited in the palaces Rosenborg and Amalienborg. It is still produced by Royal Copenhagen for trade.

As 1863 Princess Alexandra, daughter of Christian IX. , The Prince of Wales and later the British King Edward VII married, she received the Danish people a new edition of the services as a wedding gift. This service, which differed in some respects from the original, is now in the Royal Collection at Windsor Castle. This edition provoked particular interest, so that the porcelain factory decided to record the patterns in their catalog.

Last received Princess Mary of Denmark 2004 marriage to the heir to the throne a complete service as a people person, which is also - is modified in the design - after a handwritten draft of Queen Margrethe II.

Flora Danica is now considered one of the most expensive and exclusive porcelain decors. The complete work Flora Danica was included in the cultural canon of the Danish Ministry of Culture in 2006.

Duchy of Schleswig Duchy of Holstein Book size Johan Lange Christian IX of Denmark Integrated Authority File
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