Frederick Temple

Frederick Temple ( born November 30, 1821 in Santa Maura, Ionian Islands, † December 23, 1902 ) was from 1896 until his death, Archbishop of Canterbury.

Early years

Temple was on Santa Maura, one of the Ionian Islands, the son of Major Octavius ​​Temple, who later became vice-governor of Sierra Leone. After his retirement, Major Temple lived in Devon and saw a career in agriculture for his son Frederick ago, which is why he sent to him a practical training in this area.

Temples grandfather was the pastor William Johnson Temple, rector of the parish of Mamhead in Devon. In Boswell's Life of Johnson Temple priest is mentioned several times.

As a young man was Frederick Temple at Blundell 's School, Tiverton informed. Soon it became apparent that he was suited for another career than that of agriculture. He cherished a warm affection for the school, where he excelled with both academic as well as physical activities, especially hiking. Since the family was not wealthy, Frederick Temple knew that he had to provide for his future livelihood itself. The first step was doing, even before he was seventeen years old, winning a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford University.

The Oxford Movement had begun five years before his enrollment, but the memorable Tract No. 90 had not yet been written. So Temple entered a university that throbbed with intellectual and religious excitement. After many discussions and considerations he approached the liberal movement in Oxford. In 1842 he graduated with a grade -one double and was a Fellow at Balliol College lecturer in mathematics and logic. Four years later he was ordained a priest. With the aim to achieve an improvement in the education of the poor, he took over the management of Kneller Hall, a college, which was established by the Government to form the head of workhouses and penal schools. The experiment was not successful, and Temple himself suggested in 1855 before its termination. He then took the place of a school inspector until 1858 he accepted an appointment as teacher at Rugby School. In the meantime, he had earned the admiration of the Prince Consort was founded in 1856 and Kaplan ( chaplain - in -ordinary ) by Queen Victoria. In 1857 he received from Oxford University the distinction of being "select preacher".

Rugby

Following the resignation of Dr. Goulburn 1858, the Head of the School of Rugby, Temple was appointed by the Trust to the new dealer manager. In the same year he made the Academic Degree of Bachelor of Divinity and his Doctor of Divinity. His life in rugby was marked by great energy and bold initiative.

Temple enhanced the academic reputation of the school in classical studies; he founded and fostered a scientific laboratory. He also reformed the athletic activities of the school. His own tremendous performance and crude way the students intimidated though, but he was nevertheless quickly became popular and also enhanced the reputation of the school. His school sermons made ​​a deep impression on the school boys. He was loyal, trustworthy and conscientious in teaching.

Politically Temple was a follower of Gladstone; Furthermore, he advocated the separation of the Irish church from the state. He wrote and spoke in favor of compulsory education, the Elementary Education Act (1870 ) by William Edward Forster, and was an active member of the executive education commission. 1869 Gladstone offered him the deanery of Durham, but he refused and remained in rugby. Later that year, when Henry Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter died, the Prime Minister this position offered to him and Temple accepted.

Dioceses

The appointment sparked a renewed controversy. George Anthony Denison, Archdeacon of Taunton, Lord Shaftesbury, and others formed a protest committee, while Edward Pusey explained that the choice of the most frightful enormity what ever perpetrated by a prime minister. Prior to his official appointment numerous consultations were held and also the Chapter of Exeter was divided in its opinion. Gladstone his hand but it was clear to Temple and this was officially appointed on 21 December 1869. There was therefore disappointment among his clergy, who feared his hard control. But his genuine kindness was soon noticed, and during the next sixteen years of his tenure, he overcame all prejudices against him completely. When he was in 1885 appointed after the death of Dr. John Jackson Bishop of London, it was against his appointment no more objections. 1884 was Temple, Bampton lecturer, and in 1885 he became an honorary member of Exeter College, Oxford.

As Bishop of London, Dr. Temple worked harder than ever before. His normal working day at this time consisted of fourteen or fifteen hours. Under this load, signs of incipient blindness were observed quickly. Many people of his clergy and his colleagues saw him as a role model rather abschrenkendes because he preached the enforcement nearly impossible standards of care, accuracy and efficiency. Through his obvious dedication to his work and his zeal for the welfare of the people he overcame this impression, thus gaining confidence. In London, he was a tireless fighter for the prohibition of alcohol; nevertheless the working class recognized him instinctively as a friend. Because of his increasing blindness, he offered his resignation as bishop. Instead, however, he was in 1895, prompted by the sudden death of Archbishop Benson, to assume the office of the Archbishop of Canterbury in his sixty-seventh year of life, which he accepted.

Archbishop of Canterbury

As archbishop, he had presided over the 1897 Lambeth Conference. In the same year gave Dr. William Dalrymple Maclagan and Temple, the Archbishop of York, as a common response to the encyclical of Pope Leo XIII Apostolicae Curae. , Which it denied the validity of the Anglican episcopal appointments, the letter '' '' Saepius Officio out. 1900 negotiated the two archbishops together again, to clarify the issues regarding the use of incense in worship, and the order of worship elements. After hearing the arguments, they decided against the requested practices. During his tenure as Archbishop Temple was deeply concerned about the disunity and weakness of Angelika niches church, and many of his sermons called to unity

His main concern as Primate of the Church of England against these disputes was his plea for a katholischeren and karitativeren character of the Church; during the last years of his life he kept coming back to this post. He actively urged the Anglican mission and in his sermon at the opening of the new century, he appealed, the supreme obligation Britain was in this era and in world history to evangelize all nations. In 1900 he held the chair on the Temperance World Congress in London; On this occasion he preached an expansion of women's education.

1902 was his most important task of the management of the coronation of King Edward VII, but the numerous pressures and his advanced age took their toll. During a speech which he delivered in the House of Lords on 2 December 1902, the education law this year, he suffered a breakdown and, even though he led his speech to an end, he never recovered. He died on December 23, 1902 and was buried in the garden of the cloister of the Cathedral of Canterbury four days later.

His second son, William Temple was, a few years later also appointed Archbishop of Canterbury. His grave is also located in the garden of the cloister of the Cathedral of Canterbury.

References

• Frederick Temple: an appreciation ( 1907) E. G. Sandford, with biographical introduction by William Temple
• Memoirs of Archbishop Temple (1906 ) of "Seven Friends", edited by EC Sandford