Gabriel Camps

Gabriel Camps ( born May 20, 1927 in Misserghin at Oran; † 6 September 2002) was an Algerian- French prehistorians with emphasis on the Maghreb and the history of the Berbers call themselves Imazighen.

Life and work

Camps father was an engineer in the Algerian state railway company, Société Nationale des Chemins de fer algériens. Gabriel Camps attended high school ( lycée ) in Oran and completed his baccalaureate in 1944 in Latin and Greek, 1945 in Philosophy in Algiers. From 1949 he worked in the Bardo Museum in Algiers in Lionel Balout, from its research facility the " Algerian school" emerged within which camp was one of the outstanding participants. He initially worked as a teacher at various schools. For his master's degree in 1955 he put the work La Préhistoire de l' Afrique du Nord ago, it was followed in 1961 his doctoral thesis under the title Aux origines de la Berbérie. Monuments et rites funéraires protohistoriques, as Masinissa ou les debuts de l' Histoire.

As Algeria 1962 has been independent from France, it was envisaged that the Institute should be continued by the French working there four years. Gabriel Camps and his wife Henriette Camps- Fabrer decided to return to Algeria. There, the two worked until 1969, but when the contracts expired, she had to go to France in 1969.

In Aix -en- Provence, he occupied the first chair of the prehistoric archeology ( archéologie préhistorique ). This started already in Algiers research project research Coopérative sur programs were thematically continued in Laboratoire d'Anthropologie et de Prehistory of the Pays de la Méditerranée Occidentale; it was followed by other institutions such as the Institut de Recherches et d' Etudes sur le Monde Arabe et Musulman or the Maison des Sciences de l' Homme méditerranéenne.

From 1970 worked camps at his Encyclopédie berbère, the first volume appeared in 1984, the last of the 24 volumes in 2001. Complete Works included at the end of almost 3800 pages. It also made ​​publications such as Les civilizations préhistoriques de l' Afrique du Nord et du Sahara (1974 ), the Manuel de recherches préhistoriques (1980, ND 1990), Berbères aux marges de l' Histoire (1980 ), La Préhistoire. À la recherche du paradis perdu (1982, Italian 1985), then two publications on the prehistory of Corsica (1988) and L' Afrique du Nord au féminin (1992). He also initiated the Atlas préhistoriques du Midi méditerranéen français and the Atlas préhistorique de la Tunisie. In 1998 he published L' homme et la mer préhistorique.

Camps was a member from 1959 to the Centre national de la recherche scientifique, from 1962 to 1969 he was director of the Centre de recherches anthropologiques, préhistoriques et ethnologiques. After that, he was director of the Musée national du Bardo in Algiers.

With his thesis, the Berbers had initially gone rather linguistically understood as a unit, not as an ethnic group, he met initially with opposition on the part of those who understood among the Berbers, a people. But it was not until this latest developed by the Greeks and Romans, and continued by Arabs outside notion of a "people", which meant that developed an overarching unity of the different groups. Their culture ranged accordingly back to the Capsien and from there began the slow path to an ethnically -to-understand unit until well into modern times completely different lifestyles from Viehnomadismus over the rural village culture to urban life used in the Maghreb, but also social, was religiously and politically fragmented. Three major groups can be distinguished, which filled the vast space of the Maghreb and took a spread to the Iberian Peninsula and large parts of West Africa from there with the Islamic expansion from the 8th century. At this unit encountered significant quantities of other ethnic or cultural groups. The Imazighen were perceived by the French colonialists as an ethnic group.

Works

• Inscriptions d' Altava ( Lamoricière ), in: Bulletin de la Société de Géographie et d' Archéologie d' Oran 66-67 ( 1945-46 ) 35-38.
• Les dolmens de Beni Messous, in: libyca 1 (1953 ) 239-372.
• The dolmens à 20 km d' Alger in Algeria (1954 ) 5-10.
• Les Bavares, peuples Mauritania césarienne, in: Revue africaine 99 (1955 ) 241-288.
• Un mausolée marocain, de la grande Bazina Souk el- Gour, in: Bulletin d' Archéologie marocaine 4 (1960 ) 47-92.
• Aux origines de la Berbérie. Masinissa ou les debuts de l' Histoire, Algiers 1961.
• Aux origines de la Berbérie, monuments et rites funéraires protohistoriques, Paris 1961.
• Le Bardo, Alger. Musée d' ethnography et de préhistoire, Algiers 1967.
• Amekni, néolithique ancien du Hoggar, Paris 1969.
• With Olivier ( ed. ): L' Homme de Cro- Magnon. Anthropologie et archéologie, Paris 1970.
• Les civilizations préhistoriques de l' Afrique du nord et du Sahara, Paris 1974.
• L'âge du tombeau de Tin Hinan, ancêtre the Touareg du Hoggar, in: Zephyrus 25 ( 497-516 ) 497-516.
• Méditerranéen Atlas préhistorique du Midi, Paris 1978-1990: H. Camps- Fabrer (ed.).
• Berbères. Aux marges de l' histoire, Toulouse 1980.
• La préhistoire. À la recherche du paradis perdu, Paris 1982.
• Les Berbères. Mémoires et identité, Paris 1987.
• Préhistoire d'une île. Les origines de la Corse, Paris 1988.
• L' Afrique du Nord au féminin, Paris 1992.
• Des rives de la Méditerranée aux marges méridionales du Sahara. Les Berbères, Tunis 1996.
• I berberi della riva del Mediterraneo ai confini del Sahara, Milan 1996.
• Le Néolithique méditerranéen. Techniques et genres de vie, Tunis 1998.
• (Ed. ): L' homme et la mer préhistorique, Paris 1998.
• La Corse à l' Age du fer, in: Archaeology of Celite ®. Mélanges à la mémoire de René Joffroy, Montagnac 1999, pp. 29-40.
• Contribution à l' étude de la cartographie of phénomènes culturels berbères, in: Hommes et terres d' Islam: mélanges offerts à Xavier de Planhol, Institut français de recherche en Iran, Tehran, Leuven 2000, 377-390.