Gagea

Forest Yellow Star ( Gagea lutea)

The plant genus of the yellow stars ( Gagea ), also called gold star, belongs to the lily family ( Liliaceae ). The about 200 species are prevalent in Europe (about 23 species ), Asia, North Africa and North America ( only one type ). Centers of biodiversity are Central Asia and the Mediterranean region.

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Yellow stars are small or fairly small, perennial herbaceous plants. These geophytes form ovate to spherical onions as outlasting. The stem is usually simple.

The leaves are linear to lanceolate, flat, Roehrig or rinnig, contracted hood -like at the tip, glabrous or ciliate at the edge more or less strong. One or two, rarely three leaves are basal, two (rarely three) sheets are under the inflorescence.

Generative features

The inflorescence is umbel -like crowded together in the rule or racemose and wenigblütig, often it is reduced to a bloom. There are leaves- leaf-like and often woolly hairy bracts and a cover sheet available.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. There are two circles with a total of six or, in exceptional cases, more or less tepals available; they are free, spreading, three - to five annoying and durable. They are usually golden yellow to yellow-green, rarely do they have a different color, they shine inside and out they are dull yellow. It is a green stripe on the back tepals available, which is rarely whitish or pink. There is a honey pit at its base. The six stamens are either the same length or there are three shorter and three longer - sometimes longer, sometimes shorter than the stylus. The stamens are thin until flattened. The anthers are erect and attached at the base ( basifix ). Three carpels are fused to a constant above, dreikammerigen ovary. The usually very long style ends in a three-lobed stigma capitate to.

The three -edged, lokulizidale, thin-walled capsule fruit is enveloped by the tough, enlarged bloom cladding and contains many seeds. The spherical roller- union to slightly compressed seeds are usually brown and often exhibit longitudinal and transverse stripes and sometimes appendage on.

System

The genus Gagea was erected in 1806 by Richard Anthony Salisbury. The genus name honors the English botanist Gagea Sir Thomas Gage (* 1781, † 1820). Synonyms for Gagea Salisb. are: Plecostigma Turczaninow in Trautvetter, Szechenyia Kanitz, Lloydia Salisb. ex Rchb.

The genus belongs to the tribe Gagea Tulipeae in the subfamily Lilioideae within the family of Liliaceae.

There are about 110-204 species Gagea:

• Gagea × absurda Levichev ( = Gagea chomutovae × G. subtilis)
• Gagea afghanica A.Terracc.
• Gagea aipetriensis Levichev
• Gagea alashanica Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao
• Gagea albertii rule
• Gagea alexeenkoana Miscz.
• Gagea alexejana camel ex Levichev
• Gagea alexii Ali & Levichev
• Gagea alii Levichev
• Gagea altaica Schischk. & Sumnev.
• Gagea ancestralis Levichev
• Gagea angrenica Levichev
• Gagea anisopoda Popov
• Gagea artemczukii Krasnova
• Gagea azutavica Kotukhov
• Gagea baluchistanica Levichev & Ali
• Gagea baschkyzylsaica Levichev
• Gagea bashoensis Ali
• Gagea bergii Litv.
• Gagea bezengiensis Levichev
• Gagea bithynica Pascher
• Rock Yellow Star, Bohemia Yellow Star ( Gagea bohemica ( Zauschn. ) Schult & Schult.f, syn:. . Gagea saxatilis ( Mert. & Koch ) Schult Schult & f, Gagea szovitsii ( Láng ) Besser ex Schult &. .. Schult.f ). It is found in Europe, Western Asia and North Africa perhaps.
• Gagea bornmuelleriana Pascher
• Gagea bowes - lyonii Levichev
• Gagea brevistolonifera Levichev
• Gagea bulbifera ( Pall. ) Salisb.
• Gagea caelestis Levichev
• Gagea Calantha Levichev
• Gagea calcicola Zarrei & Wilkin: It occurs in the western Iran.
• Gagea calyptrifolia Levichev
• Gagea capillifolia Vved.
• Gagea capusii A.Terracc.
• Gagea caroli - kochii Grossh.
• Gagea chabertii A.Terracc.
• Gagea chanae Grossh.
• Gagea charadzeae Davlian.
• Gagea chinensis Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao
• Gagea chitralensis S.Dasgupta & D.B.Deb
• Gagea chlorantha ( M.Bieb. ) Schult. & Schult.f.
• Gagea chloroneura Rech.f.
• Gagea chomutovae ( Pascher ) Pascher
• Gagea chrysantha (Jan ) Schult. & Schult.f. ( Syn: . Gagea amblyopetala Boiss & Heldr. )
• Gagea circumplexa Vved.
• Gagea commutata K.Koch
• Gagea confusa A.Terracc.
• Gagea cossoniana Pascher
• Gagea cuneata Levichev & Murtaz.
• Gagea czatkalica Levichev
• Gagea daghestanica Levichev & Murtaz.
• Gagea daqingshanensis L.Q.Zhao & Jie Yang
• Gagea davlianidzeae Levichev
• Gagea dayana Chodat & Beauverd
• Gagea delicatula Vved.
• Gagea deserticola Levichev
• Gagea divaricata rule
• Gagea drummondii Levichev & Ali
• Gagea dschungarica rule
• Gagea dubia A.Terracc.
• Gagea durieui Parl ex Batt. & Trot.
• Gagea eleonorae Levichev
• Gagea elliptica ( A.Terracc. ) Prain
• Gagea exilis Vved.
• Gagea extremadurensis M.Gut. & F.M.Vázquez: It occurs in Spain.
• Gagea fedtschenkoana Pascher
• Gagea ferganica Levichev
• Gagea fibrosa ( Desf. ) Schult. & Schult.f. Coming into North Africa from Morocco to Libya before.
• Gagea filiformis ( Ledeb. ) Kunth
• Gagea flavonutans ( H.Hara ) Zarrei & Wilkin: Their range extends from central Nepal to Assam.
• Gagea foliosa ( C.Presl ) Schult. & Schult.f. It occurs to southeast Italy and on to Lebanon in the Mediterranean region of southern France.
• Gagea gageoides ( Zucc. ) Vved.
• Gagea germainae Grossh.
• Gagea glacialis K.Koch
• Gagea glaucescens Levichev
• Gagea goljakovii Levichev
• Gagea gracillima Pamp.
• Greek wrinkles lily ( Gagea graeca (L.) Irmsch Syn. Lloydia graeca (L.) Kunth ex Endl. ): It occurs in southern Greece and the Aegean Islands and Western Anatolia, Cyprus and Israel.
• Gagea graminifolia Vved.
• Gagea granatellii ( Parl ) Parl: It occurs in the central and eastern Mediterranean region and the Crimea and on to Afghanistan.
• Gagea granulosa Turcz.
• Gagea gray - wilsonii Rech.f.
• Gagea gymnopoda Vved.
• Gagea gypsacea Levichev
• Gagea × Haeckelii Dufft et M.Schulze ( = Gagea liotardii × G. minima)
• Gagea helenae Grossh.
• Gagea hiensis Pascher
• Gagea hissarica Lipsky
• Gagea humicola Levichev
• Gagea ignota Levichev
• Gagea incrustata Vved.
• Gagea intercedens Pascher
• Gagea Iranica Zarrei & Zarre
• Gagea jaeschkei Pascher
• Gagea japonica Pascher
• Gagea jispensis Ali & Levichev
• Gagea joannis Grossh.
• Gagea juliae Pascher
• Gagea kamelinii Levichev
• Gagea kneissea J.Thiébaut
• Gagea kopetdagensis Vved.
• Gagea kunawurensis ( Royle ) Greuter, Syn Gagea ova Stapf, Gagea stipitata Merckl. ex Bunge. Their range extends from the southern Transcaucasus to the western Himalayas and Central Asia.
• Gagea kuraiensis Levichev
• Gagea kuraminica Levichev
• Gagea lacaitae A.Terracc.
• Gagea leosii Ali & Levichev
• Yellow Star -tube ( Gagea liotardii ( Sternb. ) Schult & Schult.f, syn:. . Gagea fistulosa auct, Gagea fragifera ( Vill. ) E.Bayer & G.López. ). Its range extends from the southern and central European mountain ranges to northwest China.
• Gagea lojaconoi Peruzzi: It occurs in Sardinia and Sicily.
• Gagea longiscapa Grossh.
• Gagea × luberonensis J.- M.Tison ( = Gagea bohemica × G. dubia )
• Gagea ludmilae Levichev
• Gagea lusitanica A.Terracc.
• Forest Yellow Star ( Gagea lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. ): He comes in Eurasia from the Caucasus to Kamchatka and Japan.
• Gagea luteoides Stapf
• Gagea maeotica Artemczuk
• Gagea mauritanica Durieu
• Mecklenburg Gold Star ( Gagea megapolitana executioner ): It is endemic to Mecklenburg -Vorpommern.
• Gagea menitskyi Levichev
• Gagea mergalahensis Ali & Levichev
• Gagea michaelis Golosk.
• Gagea micrantha ( Boiss. ) Pascher
• Gagea microfistulosa Levichev: Its distribution is limited to the Crimea.
• Little Yellow Star ( Gagea minima (L.) Ker Gawl. ): He is in Europe, the Caucasus and western Siberia.
• Gagea minutiflora rule
• Gagea minutissima Vved.
• Gagea multipedunculifera Levichev
• Gagea nabievii Levichev
• Gagea nakaiana Kitag.
• Gagea neopopovii Golosk.
• Gagea nevadensis Boiss. Their home is the mountains of southern Spain and Morocco.
• Gagea noltiei Peruzzi, J.- M.Tison, A.Peterson & J.Peterson: Its distribution ranges from Nepal to Bhutan.
• Gagea novoascanica Klokov
• Gagea olgae rule
• Gagea paedophila Vved.
• Gagea pakistanica Levichev & Ali
• Gagea × pampaninii A.Terracc. ( = Gagea fibrosa × G. reticulata )
• Gagea paniculata Levichev
• Gagea pauciflora ( Turcz. ex Trautv. ) Turcz. ex Ledeb.
• Gagea pedata Levichev
• Gagea peduncularis ( C.Presl ) Pascher
• Gagea podolica Schult. & Schult.f.
• Gagea polidorii J.- M.Tison
• Gagea polymorpha Boiss.
• Gagea popovii Vved.
• Gagea praemixta Vved.
• Meadow yellow star ( Gagea pratensis ( Pers.) Dumort. ): It is found in Europe and in Turkey. Closely related are the following small clans described from Germany: Maerkischer Yellow Star ( Gagea Marchica executioner, Kiesewetter, U. Raabe & Rätzel ): occurs only in Brandenburg.
• Pomeranian Yellow Star ( Gagea Pomeranica R.Ruthe ): known only from Germany and occurs in Brandenburg, Baden- Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse, Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania, Saxony -Anhalt and Thuringia.