Garcinia

Garcinia is a genus within the family Clusiaceae. The 200 to 450 species are widespread in the tropics almost worldwide.

The mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana ), also called mangosteen or Mangostinbaum, is often grown for its delicious, apple-sized fruit. Some species, Garcinia Garcinia morella hanburyi and provide a method known as Gamboge gum and the Indian kokum.

Description

Garcinia species are shrubs or trees. They usually contain a yellow milky juice. Buds do not have scales. The opposite or whorls arranged on the branches, stalked leaves are simple. Rarely stipules are present.

The inflorescences are constructed differently. The plants are usually functionally dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ). Besides unisexual flowers, there are also sometimes hermaphrodite. The flowers are usually four or fünfzählig and have a double perianth. The sepals are usually free. The free or fused stamens are in bundles. The ovary is upper constant. Are formed berries with one to four large seeds.

Dissemination

Garcinia species have areas in tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar, tropical Asia, on the Malay Archipelago, in northeastern Australia, in Western Polynesia and in the Neotropics.

System

The genus Garcinia was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, p 443. Type species is Garcinia mangostana L.. Garcinia The genus name honors the French botanist Laurent Garcin (* 1683, † 1752).

There are a number of synonyms for Garcinia L.: Brindonia Thouars, Cambogia L., disco stigma Hasskarl, Hebradendron Graham, Mangostana Gaertner, Oxycarpus Loureiro, Rhino stigma Miquel, Rheedia L., Tsimatimia Jum. & H.Perrier, xanthochymus Roxburgh.

Types (selection)

There are 200 to 450 Garcinia species:

Asian tropical species:

  • Garcinia bracteata C.Y.Wu ex Y.H.Li
  • Garcinia Cowa Roxb. ex DC.
  • Garcinia erythrosperma Lauterb.
  • Garcinia esculenta Y.H.Li
  • Garcinia hombroniana Pierre
  • Garcinia kwangsiensis Merr. ex F.N.Wei
  • Garcinia lancilimba C.Y.Wu ex Y.H.Li
  • Garcinia linii C.E.Chang
  • Mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana L.)
  • Garcinia morella ( Gaertn. ) Desr.
  • Garcinia multiflora Champ. ex Benth.
  • Garcinia nujiangensis C.Y.Wu & Y.H.Li
  • Garcinia oblongifolia Champ. ex Benth.
  • Garcinia oligantha Merr.
  • Garcinia paucinervis Chun & F.C.How
  • Garcinia subelliptica Merrill
  • Garcinia subfalcata Y.H.Li & F.N.Wei
  • Garcinia tetralata C.Y.Wu ex Y.H.Li
  • Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f ex T. Anders.
  • Garcinia xishuanbannaensis Y.H.Li
  • Garcinia yunnanensis Hu

Species from the Indonesian archipelago:

  • Garcinia burkillii Whitmore
  • Garcinia cantleyana Whitmore
  • Garcinia clusiifolia Ridl.
  • Garcinia costata Hemsl. ex King
  • Garcinia diversifolia King
  • Garcinia eugenifolia Wall.
  • Garcinia hendersoniana Whitmore
  • Garcinia holttumii Ridl.
  • Garcinia maingayi Hook.f.
  • Garcinia minutiflora Ridl.
  • Garcinia monantha Ridl.
  • Garcinia montana Ridl.
  • Garcinia murtonii Whitmore
  • Garcinia opaca King
  • Garcinia paucinervis Chun & F.C.How
  • Garcinia scortechinii King
  • Garcinia uniflora King

African species:

  • Garcinia afzelii Engl
  • Garcinia barteri Oliv.
  • Garcinia brevipedicellata Hutch. & Dalziel
  • Garcinia buchananii Baker
  • Garcinia chromocarpa Engl
  • Garcinia conrauana Engl
  • Garcinia epunctata Stapf
  • Garcinia gnetoides Hutch. & Dalziel
  • Garcinia kingaensis Engl
  • Garcinia kola Heckel
  • Garcinia letestui Pellegr.
  • Garcinia livingstonei T.Anderson
  • Garcinia lucida Vesque
  • Garcinia mannii Oliv.
  • Garcinia nobilis Engl
  • Garcinia ovalifolia Hook.f.
  • Garcinia polyantha Oliv.
  • Garcinia preussii Engl
  • Garcinia punctata Oliv.
  • Garcinia staudtii Engl

Neotropical species:

  • Garcinia macrophylla Mart.
  • Garcinia madruno ( Kunth ) Hammel

Pictures

Mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana ):

Garcinia sessilis:

Swell

  • Xi -wen Li, Jie Li & Peter Stevens: Garcinia, pp. 40 - text Registered as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 13 - Clusiaceae through Araliaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 ( section description)
Rosids Ovary (botany) Berry Agricultural Research Service
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