Georg Joseph Vogler

Georg Joseph Vogler, Abbé Vogler or even Abbot Vogler ( born June 15, 1749 Würzburg, † May 6, 1814 in Darmstadt ) was a German composer, organist, conductor, priest, music pedagogue and musicologist.

Life

Vogler studied law and theology in Bamberg. At the age of 22, he entered the office of the chaplain at the court of the Elector of to Mannheim. This encouraged, he continued his studies of music with Francesco Antonio Vallotti and others in Italy. In 1775 he was ordained a priest in Rome and especially distinguished by the Pope. Then he returned as Kapellmeister to Mannheim, where he worked on Handel's oratorio " Messiah " and 1777/1778 aufführte.

In the following years he lived in Paris, where he was responsible for the performance of operas. In 1784 he came back as Kapellmeister to Mannheim, where Karl Theodor and his court were now moved to Munich. 1786, he assumed the position of court Kapellmeister ( Hovkapellmästare ) and court composer at the Swedish court in Stockholm, King Gustav III. and also taught the heir to the throne in music; an activity which he held intermittently until 1799. The contract granted him a six months leave, which he used regularly travel through Europe, which reached as far as Africa and Greece. There followed a two -year stay in Prague and a four -year stay in Vienna. It was not until 1807 took Vogler again a steady job, this time as court conductor in Darmstadt. He invested his fortune almost entirely in modernization of organs, which he had carried out anywhere in Europe at his own expense. Before he died in Darmstadt in 1814, he ran into financial difficulties, as the cost of the in Munich commissioned new Orchestrion failed too high. There is a biography of George Abbot Joseph Vogler. Augsburg in 1888, which was written by Karl Emil von Schafhäutl.

Work

His compositions is extensive. It mainly includes symphonies, operas, musical plays, ballets, exhibitions, psalms, requiems, Te Deum, cantatas, motets, organ works and stage productions such as Shakespeare's Hamlet. In the center of his compositions are works for organ; here are mainly its about 150 Preludes to mention.

As a music educator, he made ​​primarily through the establishment of several music schools a name. When his most famous pupil Franz Danzi, Bernhard Anselm Weber, Carl Maria von Weber, Giacomo Meyerbeer and Johann Gänsbacher apply. Vogler is attributable to the Mannheim school, the stylistics he (1778-1781 Mannheim) firmly outlined in particular by its magazine considerations of Mannheim Tonschule.

Its importance as a music theorist who became known through the use of numbers to describe harmony levels, which were later taken over by Gottfried Weber and Simon Sechter and formed the starting point of the stage theory. 1776, he published the eponymous tone circle.

Vogler influenced organ building in the 19th century: From the " Mannheim School " and the Viennese Classical starting, he led with his " Simplifikationssystem " away from the plant organ of the Baroque. He shared the manuals in pure color values ​​, put the aliquots to one acoustic generation of combination tones and put the whole organ into a swell. About thirty organs in Europe were rebuilt at his expense. From 1790, he favored the use of tube stations with free reeds in some registers. He called his portable organ Orchestrion.

A Organochordion was by the organ builder Rackwitz, who worked for eight years at Vogler built. Furthermore, there was the Micropan, which was built by the organ builders servant and Hagemann in Tübingen for Vogler 1802-1808. For the Triorganon 1809 he got an award.

Vogler's work and influence were not without controversy during his lifetime. After a polemical review of Vogler's Electoral Palatinate Tonschule flared years of personal defamation of mainly North German music theorists, most notably Johann Nikolaus Forkel. The judgment of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in a letter from 1777 about him, he was a " eder [ desolate ] musical fun -maker. a man of quite a lot of imagining and can not vielle ", contributed to the negative image Vogler's long dominant.

Works (selection)

Compositions

  • 6 Piano Trios Op 1
  • 6 Easy Violin Sonatas, Op 3
  • 6 Piano Concertos Op 5
  • 6 Sonatas for Piano and Violin, Cello ad libitum op.6
  • 12 Divertissement for Piano, Op 7
  • 4 string quartets ( in F, As, F, Es)
  • 6 Quartets for Flute, Violin, Viola and Cello in ( Bb, Eb, F, D, A, C)
  • Corno di caccia Concerto in F ( 1800)
  • 4 Requiem in c, d, It, s ( 1770 )
  • Requiem with " Libera me " in G Minor ( 1776)
  • Funeral Music for Louis XVI. for orchestra ( 1793)
  • Castore e Polluce
  • Ballet music for a comic ballet
  • Incidental music for Shakespeare's Hamlet

Writings (selection )

  • Tonwissenschaft and Tonsetzkunst; Mannheim, 1776
  • Phonation art; Mannheim, 1776
  • Kurpfälzische Tonschule; Mannheim, 1778
  • Reasons of Kurpfälzische Tonschule in examples; Mannheim, 1778
  • Organist Schola; Stockholm, 1798 ( digitized )
  • Systhême de simplification pour les orgues par l' abbé Vogler; 1798
  • Claver - Schola; Stockholm 1798 urn: nbn: de: gbv :9 -g- 3089796
  • Manual for harmony and for the basso continuo; Prague, 1802
  • The Scala or personalized vocal training and vocal art, text and analysis; 1810
  • System for the Fugenbau; Offenbach, 1817
Music theory Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria Gustav III of Sweden Symphony Singspiel Mass (music) William Shakespeare First Viennese School Uniform Resource Name Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Robert Browning Integrated Authority File
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