Goethe-Medaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft
The Goethe Medal for Art and Science was founded by President Paul von Hindenburg in memory of Goethe's 100th anniversary on March 22, 1932. The silver medal was designed in 1930/31 by Waldemar Raemisch. The front page bore the inscription " For art and science founded in Goethe 1932. President of the Reich ", the back showed a portrait of Goethe. With a diameter of 62 mm ( from 1938 mm 69.5 ) it was not intended to be worn.
Conferment by the Reich President
Originally designed to reward people who had made the Goethe celebration in 1932 earned in Weimar, Goethe Medal to a variety artists, scientists, civil servants and politicians were awarded.
Among the first recipients of the medal were Chancellor Heinrich Brüning and the Nobel Prize winner Gerhart Hauptmann and Thomas Mann. As of April 1932 was followed by Max Planck, Nicholas Murray Butler, André Gide, Knut Hamsun, Verner von Heidenstam, Guglielmo Marconi, Albert Schweitzer, Fritz Haber, Albrecht Penck and Richard Willstätter. About a quarter of until 1934 with the " Goethe Medal for Art and Science " award winners were foreigners. Women were typical of the time not taken into account; only Ricarda Huch, Agnes Miegel, Ina Seidel, Feodora of Saxe- Weimar, Enrica by Handel-Mazzetti and the Turkish writer Seniha Bedri were found worthy.
Up to Hindenburg's death in August 1934 nearly 200 persons have been awarded the medal, of which 159 are from Hitler's chancellorship. By January 1933 at least eleven German Jewish origin had been honored by Hindenburg with the Goethe Medal for Art and Science, as Adolph Goldschmidt 's 70th birthday on 15 January 1933. The last award of the medal in Hindenburg's name dated 19 June, 1934.
1934-1944
After the takeover of the functions of the President by this Hitler gave in November 1934, the medal. Starting in 1934, the award of the medal generally high birthdays or other important observances was limited. Politically Inconvenient, Jews and categorized as Jewish people were no longer considered. The final ceremony took place in December 1944.
More support ( selection)
- Benito Mussolini
- José Ortega y Gasset
- Wilhelm Furtwängler
- Otto Klemperer
- Franz Lehár
- Carl Friedrich Goerdeler
- Paul Ernst
- Hans Grimm
- Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer
- Hans von Euler - Chelpin
- Johannes Stark
- Heinrich Wieland
- Adolf Windaus
- Max Laeuger
- Karl Bräuer
- Otto Modersohn
- Anna Bahr - Mildenburg
- Hedwig Bleibtreu
- Agnes Bluhm
- Isolde Kurz
- Lulu Strauss and Torney
- Rudolf Herzog
- Karl Bräuer
- Ernst Krieck
- Hermann Haack
- Fritz Rhein
Other Goethe- honors
The Goethe Medal for Art and Science is not to be confused with the Golden Goethe Medal of the Weimar Goethe Society; the Goethe Medal of the Goethe Institute; the Goethe Prize of Frankfurt; the Goethe Medal of the City of Frankfurt am Main or the Goethe Medal of the State of Hesse.