Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

The (partial) Duchy of Mecklenburg -Schwerin was for centuries an important part rule in the possession of the Dukes of Mecklenburg ( 1815 Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg ). At the same time, Mecklenburg- Schwerin remained until the end of the monarchy part of the Mecklenburg total state.

Colloquially referred to at various times as Mecklenburg -Schwerin, the sum of different sub dominions under the regency of the same line of Mecklenburg Princely House, most recently the 1701 formed (partial) duchy in 1815 (partial) Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg -Schwerin, in 1918 as the Free State of Mecklenburg -Schwerin gained political independence for the first time.

In 1934, under Nazi pressure, the reunification of the two independent states of Mecklenburg- Schwerin and Mecklenburg- Strelitz Mecklenburg to the land that now forms the main part of the Federal State of Mecklenburg- Vorpommern region after minor adjustments.

• 2.1 history
• 2.2 policy 2.2.1 Diet
• 2.2.2 Government
• 2.2.3 Administrative divisions

Mecklenburg -Schwerin (1701-1918)

History

At the end of more than five years of succession dispute the Mecklenburg dynasty (partial) Duchy of Mecklenburg -Schwerin was 1701 again re-formed. Memorandum for this last political and territorial structure represented a dynastic house contract that sealed the third main division of the state of Mecklenburg and became known as the Hamburg comparison in the country's history. During the part of the country Mecklenburg- Strelitz was re-formed by this agreement, large parts of the former part of the country Mecklenburg- Güstrow were formerly part of the country Mecklenburg -Schwerin settled. Both territories in total were referred from now on again as Mecklenburg -Schwerin, although the area stands in comparison to previous situation were far from identical.

Inside the new part of the country were the individual sub- lords ruling in the hands of Mecklenburg -Schwerin line of the dynasty continued to inventory and not fused into a new whole. The State Calendar of Mecklenburg -Schwerin made ​​this continuing territorial structures within the Schwerin 's part of the country even from a long time.

The determinations were made ​​in 1701 with minor changes until the end of the monarchy stock. Continuity was interrupted only by a short intermediate phase from 1848 to 1850, in which only part of the country Mecklenburg -Schwerin took the first step towards a modern constitutional state with a constitutional monarchy and ultimately failed.

Regents

Title: Duke of Mecklenburg ( 1815: Grand Duke of Mecklenburg ), Prince of Wenden, Schwerin and Ratzeburg, Count Schwerin, Rostock and Stargard Lord of the landing.

Policy

The Hamburg comparison from 1701 had tried the regent of both Mecklenburg parts of the country to enact a peace obligation, non-interference in the internal affairs of the other part of the country and the mutual agreement of all foreign policy issues. The practice was different, however. Especially in the first decades of coexistence violated the rulers against the agreements. The 1701 defined political primacy of (large) Dukes of Mecklenburg -Schwerin was repeated rise to differences. Unclear legal status, coupled with a political power struggle between the ruler and the country stands to positions of power in the Mecklenburg total State led Mecklenburg 1752/53 once again to the brink of fratricidal warfare. Only the "State Constitutional hereditary settlement " of 1755, as it almost an admission of defeat of the country's sovereignty, resulted in a stabilization of the situation and provided the basis for the rather peaceful coexistence of both parts of the country until the fall of the Mecklenburg monarchy in 1918.

Constitution, parliament:

As only limited autonomous part of the entire state of Mecklenburg -Schwerin Mecklenburg did not have its own parliament. The corporative state parliament of Mecklenburg was a common device and Justice as the final political authority equally to both parts of the country of Mecklenburg.

The ordinary state parliament of Mecklenburg entire state once joined in, alternately in Sternberg ( for the old Duchy of Schwerin ) and Malchin ( for the old Duchy Güstrow ). For decision-making, however, it was common for the Knights and landscape of Mecklenburg -Schwerin called regardless of their own preparatory meetings, conventions, held, but no political powers and possessed only of representation and opinion served.

A modern, consisting of elected members of parliament, there have been times of the empire in Mecklenburg in only a short intermediate phase during the 1848/49 revolution. After the part of the country Mecklenburg-Strelitz had adopted from the democratic renewal process, the 1849 Basic Law for Mecklenburg -Schwerin was promulgated by which a constitutional monarchy should be launched with a bicameral parliament. After the failure of the revolution has been restored to operate of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and to pressure Prussia with the Freienwalder award 1850, the old state of the law.

At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century there were efforts of the Grand Dukes and their Minister of State, the country to enact a modern constitution. All such attempts failed regularly to the resistance of the stands.

For convened in November 1918 parliament Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV had prepared with his Minister of State Adolf Lang Field, the promulgation of a new constitution. Legal basis for the introduction should be the medieval right of the sovereign to enact laws in emergency situations from his own hand. Through the extinction of the line of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in the Throne follow -capable male line a few months ago the situation was favorable for. The November Revolution abolished the monarchy in Mecklenburg and made these plans obsolete.

Management

A modern administrative structure, as introduced eg in Prussia after the Napoleonic Wars, there has never been in the Mecklenburg (large) duchies.

Government

As a result of the 1848 revolution emerged in Mecklenburg -Schwerin new administrative structures of the state administration. Since October 15, 1849 was as grand-ducal government a (total) ministry headquartered at Schwerin, which was designated in 1853 as the State Department. There were four ministries:

The ministries were as individual conductors Minister of State (No. 1, 2 ) or Councils of State (No. 3, 4 ) before. The chairman of the total Ministry led a Minister of State ( a Prime Minister equivalent), which is usually served as line ministries in personal union the exterior and the interior ministry.

The military was under the direction of the Grand Ducal Military Department, whose chief, a general, at the advice of military affairs had a seat and vote in the State Department.

As the highest church authorities of Mecklenburg - Schwerin Oberkirchenrat took the place of the Consistory based in Schwerin. The OKR was under the supervision of the Ministry of Justice, Department of the spiritual affairs, and was directly subordinate to the sovereign in his capacity as chief bishop.

Not for the State Ministry belonged to the so-called farm - budget via the Ministry of the Grand Ducal house, which carried out all tasks of the farm State and Marshal Office and was not part of the government.

Receding President ( State ) Minister

Qualification ( s): until 1837 Receding President and (first ) Minister; 1837-1840: First Minister; 1850: President of the (total) Department of State

Structure

As the overall state of Mecklenburg -Schwerin Mecklenburg also divided according to ownership structures in

• Domanium ( land of the rulers )
• Knighthood ( land usually of noble families )
• Landscape ( land of the towns)

In addition there were some monasteries secularized country, all of which were in Mecklenburg -Schwerin and the supply of unmarried daughters of the local nobility served.

All of these ownership structures brought logically own administrative structures out: domaniale and ritterschaftliche and convent offices. Among the cities of the seaside town of Rostock had a special status. Wismar as a second seaside town in Mecklenburg -Schwerin, only returned in 1803 from the Swedish Government in the Mecklenburg State Association back. Two of the three front altmecklenburgischen cities that were in Mecklenburg -Schwerin ( Gustrow, Parchim ) possessed special preeminence in landständischen system of the Mecklenburg State.

Cities

Capital:

• Schwerin

Maritime cities:

• Rostock
• Wismar

Front cities:

• Parchim ( Mecklenburg county )
• Güstrow ( Wendish circle)

Ritterschaftliche circles

Until 1918, passed in Mecklenburg -Schwerin two of the three knights economic circles of the Mecklenburg total state. The circle contact ( or Wendish circle) consisted of the knights economic areas in the acquired parts of Mecklenburg- Güstrow and Mecklenburg county was formed of the knights economic areas in the rest of Mecklenburg- Schwerin.

Offices

(DA = Domanialamts, RA = knighthood Royal Office; KA = Klosteramts )

Free State of Mecklenburg -Schwerin (1919-1933)

History

Policy

Diet

The Diet of the Free State of Mecklenburg -Schwerin was based in Schwerin. The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was on 21 February 1919. The Diet was constituted after the election in June 1920., The legislature took 3 years. There was a system of proportional representation, but with closed lists. The calculation procedures were carried out with the D' Hondt method. Overall, there was only one constituency (this was the Free State itself).

Government

The Mecklenburgisch - Schwerinische Ministry consisted of the Prime Minister and the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, Interior, Finance, Justice, Education, Arts, Religious and Medical Affairs areas and agriculture, domains, and forests. In general, the Prime Minister took over both the State Department and another compartment Ministry. The Cabinet then consisted of the Prime Minister and three ministers. Often a minister also launched two ministries so that the government consisted of the Prime Minister and only two ministers. In the Nazi period, the Cabinet was further reduced ( Prime Minister and a Minister of State ).

Minister of State, Prime Minister:

Administrative divisions

Townships:

Offices: